Ridgway on birds observed in Knox Co Indiana. 21 
near the edge of the swamp about the 27th or 28th of the month, her 
actions and notes strongly suggesting a nest in the vicinity, but I 
was unable to discover one. 
Field Sparrow (Spzzella pusilla). — A very common bird. Remark- 
able variations were noticed in the song of this species, several individuals 
repeating the usual song three times without stopping. Another had 
such peculiar notes that it was followed and shot for a strange bird. 
Oak-woods Sparrow ( Peuccea cestivalis illinoensis ). — Rare, and 
observed only on one occasion, on the 26th of April. The locality was 
a “ woods pasture,” about one-half cleared of trees, with occasional old 
logs and brush-piles on the open portion, and plenty of dead standing 
trees, the ground high and rolling. Immediately upon sighting the 
locality I thought of this bird, and at almost the same instant heard one 
sing. This one was shot, as he sat upon a brush-pile. Two or three 
others were heard at a distance, but I failed to discover them. 
Lincoln's Sparrow ( Melospiza lincolni). — Very abundant about 
brush-piles in swampy clearings. 
Cardinal Grosbeak {Cardinalis virginianus). By far the most 
numerous of the resident Fringillidce , and one of the most abundant of 
all birds. It was a very common thing to hear several males singing at 
the same time, and I once saw three males and two females near together 
on the railroad track, picking up grain scattered from the cars. 
Rose-breasted Grosbeak ( Zamelodia ludoviciana). — Exceedingly 
common during the greater part of the month of May. The first were 
seen April 25. They were most numerous among the willows in the 
swamp, engaged in feeding upon a small green beetle ( Diabrotica 12- 
maculata) which infested the trees. They were also common in the 
sugar-maple groves, and were in full song during their stay. 
Blue Grosbeak ( Guiraca cceruled). — A single specimen seen but not 
obtained (date forgotten). 
Bronzed Grackle (Jpuiscalus purpureus emeus'). — Very numerous, 
breeding among the willows in the swamp. The “ love note” of this bird 
is decidedly more metallic and more musical than that of <^>. purpureus. 
Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocepkalus). — Much the 
most numerous of the Woodpeckers. 
Barred Owl (Strix nebulosa). — Exceedingly numerous, the swamp 
resounding at night with their hootings. 
Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperi). — Common, breeding. 
Red-shouldered Hawk ( Buteo lineatus ). — Much the most numerous 
of the Hawks. On one occasion eight adults were observed circling 
together overhead, all uttering their clamorous cries. 
Mourning Dove ( Zenaidura carolinensis ). — Abundant. All the 
specimens shot had the ends of the toes frozen off, showing that they had 
remained during the past severe winter. 
Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo americana) . — Common. Scarce- 
ly a day but what one or more were seen, and on one occasion a flock of 
