1 6 Ridgway on Birds observed in Knox Co . , Indiana. 
a mile in average width. It is rather a swamp, however, than 
a pond, probably less than half its area being open water, the 
remainder filled with trees, chiefly willows ( Salix nigra) av- 
eraging 50-60 feet high, mixed in places with a larger growth, 
chiefly ashes ( Fraxinus americana , F. sambucifolia and B. 
pubescens) , red maple, and swamp cottonwood ( Populus heter- 
ophylla ), the latter chiefly around the margin of the pond, 
where grow also swamp, white, and water oaks, sweet gums, and 
an occasional catalpa ( C. speciosa). The surrounding country, 
where not cleared, consists chiefly of original forest,, of various 
oaks and hickories, “poplar” (liriodendron) , beech, elm, and 
other trees in great variety, coniferous species being wholly 
absent. 
The pond is never very deep, probably nowhere or at any- 
time exceeding four feet, and in seasons of drouth becomes 
absolutely dry, then forming an excellent pasturage for the stock 
of the neighboring farmers. Even when filled with water, the 
latter is, in the season of vegetable growth, entirely hidden by 
a luxuriant growth of aquatic plants, rendering the passage of 
a boat, of any description, impossible, while numerous muskrat 
holes and the intricate submerged stems render wading difficult 
and fatiguing in the extreme. For these reasons the pond was 
but slightly explored, while it was wholly neglected after the 
use of a boat became out of the question. I am therefore quite 
ignorant as to what species may have been breeding in the 
recesses of the pond, my investigations having been wholly con- 
fined to the surrounding fields and woodland, the northern por- 
tion of the pond and its immediate vicinity having been the scene 
of my ornithological investigations from April 15 to May 27. 
Notwithstanding the very unusual lateness of the season I 
found on my arrival (April 15) that many of the migratory 
birds had preceded me, but subsequent arrivals were carefully 
noted up to May 6, and are presented herewith. * 
April 15. Prairie Warbler (. Dendroeca discolor). 
April 17. Yellow-throated Warbler ( Dendroeca dominica albilora ), 
Yellow-thoated Vireo {Lanivireo flavifrons), Least Flycatcher (Empi- 
donax minimus). 
April 18. Prothonotary Warbler ( Protonotaria citrea ), Canada Fly- 
catching Warbler {Myiodioctes canadens is) , Blue Yellow-backed Warbler 
( Parula americana) , Scarlet Tanager (. Pyranga rubra), Summer Red- 
bird (A*, cestiva ), Lark Finch ( Ckondestes grammica), Summer Yellow- 
