Batchelder on Birds of the Uftfter St. fokn. 1 07 
rapid streams and brooks draining directly into the river. There 
are no lakes or ponds, except a few insignificant puddles, although 
there are occasional cedar swamps and “barrens.” The tribu- 
tary streams below the falls have cut narrow steeply walled 
ravines in their passage to the river. These were cold and damp, 
and apparently without birds. 
I11 some places forests of hard woods exist,. tall maples, elms 
and birches that have no doubt stood there for ages. There 
is but little underbrush in these woods, and they have a rather 
park-like aspect. The second growth and the woods on the low 
lands along the river consist of firs, spruces and hemlocks of 
all sizes, and often have an almost impenetrable underbrush. 
Where fires have spread large tracts are stripped of their woods, 
and are covered with fallen trunks overgrown with vines, with 
here and there tall dead “stubs” still standing. 
Mr. W. A. Jeffries’ observations extended from May 21 to June 
19. He was joined by his brother on the 9th of June. During 
the ten days following this latter date the weather was cold — 
there was a frost June 15, and rain fell every day except the 9th 
and the 15th. 
Fort Fairfield is twenty miles south of Grand Falls. It is 
situated on the Aroostook River, about five miles in an air line 
west of its junction with the St. John. It is in a rolling 
country containing but few ponds and swamps, and watered 
merely by small brooks which empty into the Aroostook River. 
The river itself is broad, with a rapid current, and flows between 
banks which though not very high, are yet never swampy. Much 
of the original forest has been removed, especially in the neigh- 
borhood of the town and along the river, where the stretches of 
wooded land are interspersed with clearings, pastures and cul- 
tivated fields, large crops of buckwheat and potatoes being raised 
on the fertile soil. The woods are mostly evergreen — the several 
species of Abies and the arbor vitae — intermingled, of course, 
with a few yellow birches and an occasional maple, but few tracts 
being wholly covered by deciduous trees. 
Our collecting was done mostly within two or three miles of 
the town. Our notes were made between June 14 and July 1. 
On our arrival we found the trees by no means in full leaf, and 
were told that the season was very backward, and had been very 
wet. Fleavy frosts occurred on the 15th and 19th of the month. 
