IC8 ' Batchelder on Birds of the Upper St, John . 
The nights were generally cold, the days warm — even hot 
during the latter part of our stay. 
Fort Fairfield is 415 feet above the sea, and has a mean annual 
temperature of 38.11 0 F. 
Through the kindness of Mr. H. A. Purdie I have been enabled 
to supplement our observations by extracts from some manuscript 
notes on the birds occurring at Houlton, Maine, made by Mr. 
Robert R. McLeod. These notes were written in 1877, and are 
based on his experience during a residence of four years at 
Houlton. 
This town is in the southeastern part of Aroostook County, on 
the Meduxnekeag River about twelve miles from its junction with 
the St. John. It is forty-five miles south of Fort Fairfield, its 
Latitude being 46° 8'. I quote the following from Mr. McLeod’s 
notes : “ The country round about is well watered with lakes 
and streams. Much of the land is under cultivation, but where 
it is not, the old forests are standing in great tracts of many miles 
in extent. The first snow falls about the 10th of November, and 
it generally remains on the fields till the middle of April, and in 
the woods until the last of May.” 
At each locality several species, that would doubtless have been 
much more abundant had local conditions been favorable, were 
absent or represented by but few individuals. 
All statements are given on the authority of both the observers 
at the locality to which they refer, except in some few cases, in 
which the initials of the observer are appended. All references 
to Houlton are, unless otherwise stated, on the authority of Mr. 
McLeod. 
1. T urdus migratorius Linn. Robin. — Rather common at Fort Fair- 
field. At Grand Falls it was abundant everywhere. 
2. Turdus fuscescens Steph. Wilson’s Thrush. — Rare at Grand 
Falls. On June 16 a nest with four fresh eggs was found on top of a 
stump. Not met with at Fort Fairfield. Mr. McLeod says that it appears 
at Houlton by May 15, and by the 10th of June becomes common. Breeds. 
3. Turdus pallasi Caban. Hermit Thrush. — Common. One nest 
taken May 30 at Grand Falls was about three feet from the ground in a 
small fir tree. 
4. Turdus ustulatus swainsoni {Caban.) Cones. Olive-backed 
Thrush. — Common at Grand Falls, especially in the hard woods and 
more open fir woods. At Fort Fairfield it appeared to be rather common, 
though seldom seen. Common and breeding at Houlton. 
