66 
Grundtvig on Warblers of Wisconsin. 
[April 
growing along the banks of some ponds and old river courses. 
My morning and afternoon excursions commenced regularly May 
3, and extended down the Shioc, up the Wolf and then westward, 
through the low shrubs and bushes, continually crossing and re- 
crossing this inner strip of land. Between May 3 and my 
observations were the most important and exact, for after that 
date many Warblers, concealed by the thick foliage, must have 
escaped my notice. Here stormy days frequently favored me, as 
the Warblers, during high winds, were generally noticed in low 
bushes, on “wind-falls,” old logs, and on the ground. At such 
times they would often crowd together on banks, facing the wind, 
possibly anxious to cross, but hardly daring to attempt it. During 
the first part of May the water increased rapidly in height, until 
I could with ease row everywhere throughout the timber, and as 
my presence in a boat seldom alarmed them, I was enabled to 
follow closely the various flocks as they passed from one tree 
to another on their journey northward. 
Previous to April 30 Dendroeca coronata was the only War- 
bler I noticed. On the 30th, however, a single Helm in th of h ila 
celata was taken, and the next day, when the wind, after having 
been northerly for a long while, shifted to the west, several spec- 
imens of Mniotilta varia and Dendroeca falmarum arrived 
May 2 the wind changed to the south and a few Helminthophila 
celata and Mniotilta varia were found intermingled with some 
of the flocks of Dendroeca coronata. May 3, at about sunrise, 
I took a single specimen of Dendroeca finus; possibly I over- 
looked it the day before. About this time a gentle rain com- 
menced falling, which continued most of the day. Towards 
evening thousands of Warblers began to arrive, but owing to the 
rapidly increasing darkness I was only able to partially examine 
them. Among the new arrivals I found Parula a?nericana , 
De?idroeca fennsylvanica , blackburnice , maculosa , oestiva , and 
Setophaga ruticilla. May 4 Hel min thoph ila ruficafilla , 
Dendroeca virens , and a single Protonotaria citrea were noticed. 
On the 5th this migration seemed to be somewhat checked by 
a violent north wind, but by the 8th, after a whole night of rain, 
the wind quieted down, and the trees and bushes were once more 
literally alive with Warblers, so numerous, in fact, as to be ap- 
parently all united into one immense flock. Dendroeca tigrina 
and coerulescens were the only new species observed. A cold. 
