iS 83-3 Recent Literature . IICJ 
Vol. V, pp. 173, 174), of which it may be regarded as in part a summary, 
as also a most valuable resume of the general subject of North American 
birds occurring in Europe. The species are divided into the three cate- 
gories of “Land Birds,” “Wading Birds,” and “Swimming Birds,” which 
are each separately tabulated to show the number of occurrences of each 
species in Europe, the countries where they were observed, and the month 
in which they were taken. The number of species is 69; the total number 
of occurrences, 494. The most decided result obtained by this analysis is 
the remarkable preponderance in the number of birds which visit Europe 
from North America during the autumnal migration as compared with the 
vernal migration, the ratio being apparently as 168 to 61. This leads the 
author very naturally to the belief that North American birds, in reaching 
Europe, are borne irresistably eastward by the strong westerly winds which 
prevail at the periods of migration, and that of the large number blown 
out of their course and unable to return but a few only survive to reach 
the European shores. The preponderance of such arrivals in autumn is 
attributed to the large proportion of young birds then migrating, which 
are less able to resist adverse currents than are the older and stronger. — 
J.A.A. 
Freke on European Birds observed in North America.* — The 
total number of species included in the list is 56, of which 9 are regarded 
as artificially introduced, leaving 47 as wanderers from the Old World. Of 
these latter 13 are Land Birds, 17 are Waders, and an equal number are 
Swimmers. Of the whole number (47) only 12 have been recorded from 
the Eastern United States, 20 have been found only in Greenland, while 9 
others have occurred only on the Pacific Coast (chiefly in Alaska). Saxi- 
cola cenanthe , Mot a cilia jlava, and five other species of Old World birds 
found more or less frequently in Greenland are excluded from the list as 
being on this account properly North American. On the other hand, 
Tringa subarquata and Puffinus anglorum are included among the strag- 
glers from Europe. The list seems to have been most carefully worked 
out and may deservedly stand as a companion piece to Mr. J. J. Dalgleish’s 
“List of Occurrences of North American Birds in Europe,” published in 
volume V of this Bulletin. The number of American visitors to Europe 
recorded by Mr. Dalgleish, it may be remembered, is 67, or 20 more than 
appear to have visited us from the Old World. — J. A. A. 
Canadian Birds — Errata. — [In the January number of the Bulletin 
(Vol. VIII, p. 57) is a review of a paper on birds observed near Ottawa, 
Canada, by Geo. R. White and W. L. Scott, in which reference is made to 
several astonishing announcements of species taken. In justice to the 
authors of the paper it is but fair to say that a list of “errata” were re- 
ceived by the editors of the Bulletin from Mr. Scott several days before 
*On European Birds observed in North America. By Percy E. Freke. Zoologist, 
Sept., 1881. Also separate, pp. 1-14. 
