FISHES. 
43 
the length of this line, short lines, called snoods, 
are placed, each of which carries a baited hook. 
The long-line is shot across the tide and allowed 
to sink to the bottom, and hauled up to be ex- 
amined after the lapse of a tide, or six hours. 
The second method is by hand-lines ; where the 
fisherman carries a line in each hand, each line 
armed with two hooks kept apart by a strong 
wire ; a leaden weight is employed to sink the 
hooks, as these fishes feed near the bottom ; and 
he continually tries with his hands whether he 
has hooked a fish. For Cod-fish, when bait is 
scarce, it is dispensed with by the use of an in- 
strument, called a jigger^ consisting of two large 
hooks soldered together in the shanks by means 
of lead, which is made to assume the size and 
form of a small fish ; the points of the hooks 
are turned in opposite directions. This double 
hook is dropped without bait, and is continually 
moved up and down by jerks. The shining lead 
attracts many Cods, so that the jigging is almost 
sure to hook many of the fish in succession, and 
sometimes even two at once. Of course they are 
often sadly lacerated, and as the hooks frequently 
break out, the fish escapes in a wounded con- 
dition, and this is thought to have a tendency to 
drive the shoals from the ground. 
The capture of fishes for amusement, so much 
practised in this country, is called Angling ; and 
calling into action, as it does, skill and dexterity, 
as well as knowledge derived from experience 
and tradition, and embracing many rules em- 
bodied in treatises of acknowledged authority, is 
by some elevated to the rank of a science. It 
has been said that angling is pre-eminently an 
