SALMONS. 
231 
f upon Crustacea and water-insects. Most are in- 
, habitants of fresh-waters, either permanently or 
[ periodically; a very few are marine. One hun- 
dred and thirty-two species are included in the 
Family by the Prince of Canino, which are widely 
scattered over the Old and New World. 
Genus Salmo, (Linn.) 
I The true Salmons (including the Trouts) are 
the most completely toothed of all fishes, having 
a row of pointed teeth in the maxillaries, the 
intermaxillaries, the palatals and mandibularies, 
and two rows on the vomer, the tongue, and the 
pharynx, — so that there is scarcely a part of the 
interior of the mouth which is not bristling with 
this armature. The general form is spindle- 
shaped ; the body is clothed with scales, of which 
the head is deprived ; the mouth is cleft to the 
eyes or beyond them; the ventrals are placed 
under the dorsal, and the anal under the adipose: 
the belly is smooth ; the air-bladder extends the 
whole length of the abdomen, and communicates 
with the gullet. The tip of the lower jaw is bent 
upwards in old males, and received into a notch 
above. Many species are marked with spots, and, 
in early youth, all are clouded with transverse 
dusky patches. 
We have at least seven species of this genus in 
Great Britain, the common Salmon, five which 
bear the name of Trouts, and the Char. Of 
these the Salmon, the Salmon Trout, and the 
Bull Trout, are migratory, periodically ascending 
rivers to deposit their spawn, and then returning 
to the sea, exhausted with the effort. The others 
