ECH ECH 
ECH ECH 
hog ; the prickly scales of the receptacle give that 
appearance. Linn. 19, Or. 3, Nat. Or. Composites, 
These plants are ornamental, growing from one to 
two feet high, and of bold habits. For culture, 
&c., see Coreopsis. Synonymes : 1. Coreopsis hetero- 
phylla. 2. Rudbeekia napifoUa. 3. R. purpurea. 
4. R. serotina. 
Dicksonx . . . Lilac . . 8, H. Her. P. Mexico . . 
heterophylla, 1 . Purple . 10, H. Her. P. Mexico . . 1829 
intermeiiiS . . . Red . . 9, H. Her. P. Eng. hyb. . 1826 
nap) folia, 2 . . Red . . 7, F. Her. P. N. Spain . 1824 
purpuras, 3 . . Red . . 9, H. Her. P. N. Amer. . 1699 
serotina, 4 . . , Red . . 9, H. Her. P. N. Amer. . 181-6 
Echinatei), covered with prickles, like an echinus, 
or hedgehog. 
EchinakTa, Desfontaines. From echinus, a hedgehog ; 
the prickly heads may be fancied to resemble little 
hedgehogs. Linn. 3, Or. 2, Nat. Or. Grumineoe. A 
curious little annual, growing in any common soil, 
and increased by cuttings. Synonyme ; \. Cenchrus 
capitatus, Sesleria cchinata. 
capitati, 1 . . . Apetal . . 7, Grass. S. Eur. . . 1771 
Echiijella, Agardh. From echinus, a hedgehog; 
bristly appearance of the plants. Linn. 24, Or. 7, 
Nat. Or. Algos. A very minute species of green 
Algos, found in lakes, and, by some naturalists, be- 
lieved to be animalcula — articulatd. 
Echinocactcs, Salm-Dyck. From echinos, a hedge- 
hog, djid cactus; a name given by Theophrastus to a 
spiny plant. Linn. 12, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Cactacece. 
These are plants of great beauty and interest, on 
account of their singular and gyotesque structure, 
the arrangement of their spines, and the beauty of 
their flowers. The soil best suited for them, is 
sandy peat, a little loam, and a little lime, or brick 
rubbish, all of which must be well mixed together. 
They must be watered very sparingly at all times, 
but more so in winter. They are increased from 
off-sets, which must be dried a few days before being 
put in to strike. These plants, and Mammillarias, 
are sometimes much infested with red spider, which 
is very troublesome. The eflFectual way oi exter- 
minating them, is to shed a little dry sulphur over 
the plant infested, and they will soon disappear, 
and as soon return, if not carefully watched. Sy- 
nonymes : 1. Cereus abnormis. 2 E. platacantha. 
Cactus latispina. 3. Cereus cylindricus. 4. Cactus 
depressa.' 5. Cereus gibbosus. 6. Cereus hystrix. 7. 
Cereus irnbricatus. 8. Cactus intorta. 9. Cactus eri- 
naceus, 10. Cactus parvispiuus. 11. Cactus recurvus, 
nobilis. 
abuormis, 1 . . White . 7, S. Ev. S. S.Amer. . 1818 
acii&tus . . . . Yellow . 9, S. Er. S. M. Video . 1836 
acuUngxilirla . . Yellow . 9, S. Ev. S. . 1835 
AnconiSnus . . S. Ev. S. Ancona . 1834 
arc.iatus ... S. Ev. S. M. Video . 
centeterlus . . . LiL red . 9, S. Ev. S. . 1836 
coccinevis ... . 9, S. Ev. S. .1835 
cornigerus, 2 . . Purple . 8, S. Ev. S. Mexico . . 1823 
corynodes . . . Yellow . 9, S. Ev. S. . 1835 
crispatus . . . Purple . S. Ev. .S. Mexico . . 1826 
cylindricus, 3 . . S. Ev. S. Peru . . 1799 
densQs .... S. Ev. S. Mexico . . 1829 
Deppei .... S. Ev. S. Mexico . .1829 
depressus, 4 . . S. Ev. S. S. Amer. . 1798 
echinatus ... . 9, S. Ev. S. Mexico . . 1830 
exculptus ... . 9, S. Ev. S. . 1836 
Eyresil .... yeL 9, S. Ev. S. Mexico . . 1829 
glaOcus . . . Whu grn. 7, S. Ev. S. 
forniOsus . S. Ev. S. Mexico . . 1830 
gibbosus, 5 . . . White . 7, S. Ev. S. Jamaica . 1808 
Gilliesn .... . 9. S. Ev. S. Mexico . . 1830 
gladiatus ... . 7, S. Ev. S. Mexico . . 
hamaius ... S. Ev. S. B. Ayres . 1833 
hystrixe, 6 . . . S. Ev. S. . 1808 
iiiibricatus, 7 • • S. Ev. S. . 1820 
inflatus .... S. Ev. S. Chile . . 1828 
intbrtus, 8 . . . Purple . 6, S. Ev. S. Antigua . 1768 
intricatus ... S. Ev. S. M. Video . 
erinacCus, 9 . . . 7, S. Ev. S. . 1818 
Llnkil .... Yellow . 9, S. Ev. S. Mexico . . 1835 
Mackieanus . . Yel. wht. 10, S. Ev. S. Chile . . 1836 
maminillarioldes . Yel. red . 10, S. Ev. S. Chile . . 1836 
melocactifonms . White . S. Ev. S. Mexico . . 
meonacanthus. . S. Er. S. Jamaica 
montevidgnsis . . S. Ev. S. M. Video . 
obvallatus .* . . Purple . S. Ev. S. Mexico . . 
ortbacanthus . . S. Ev. S. M. Video . 
Ottoals .... Yellow . 9, S. Ev. S. Mexico . .1829 
oxyacauthus . . S. Ev. S. . 1830 
oxygonus . . . Pa. rose . S. Ev. S. Brazil . . 1831 
pachycentrus . . S. Ev. S. 
parvisplnlxs, 10 . S. Ev. S. S. Amer. . 
platyacanthiis . . S. Ev. S. Mexico . .1837 
polyac^thus . . S. Ev. S. Brazil . . 1837 
recurvus, 11 . . S. Ev. S. Mexico . . 1796 
rhodanthus . . Rosy . . 9, S. Ev. 8. . 1835 
robustus ... 8. Ev. S. .1835 
Salmianus . . . Grey . . S. Ev. S. Curacoa . . 
scopa .... Yellow . S. Ev. S. Brazil . . 1826 
spinis-albis . . Yellow . 6, S. Ev. S. Brazil . . 1836 
Seliowi .... S. Ev. S. M. Video . 1826 
sessiirflorus . . S. Ev. S. . 1834 
spinosissimiis . . S. Ev. S. . 1834 
spiralis .... S. Ev. S. . 1835 
suhgibbosus . . S. Ev. S. Valparaiso . 1830 
subullferus . . S. Ev. S. Mexico . . 
sulcatus ... S. Ev. S. Mexico . . 1829 
tenuispinus . . Yellow • 9, S. Ev. S. Brazil . . 1835 
tephracanthus . . 8. Ev. S. Brazil . . 1825 
thelephflrus . . S. Ev. 8. . 1834 
tuberculatus . . S. Ev. S. Mexico . . 1826 
tubiflOrus . . . White . S. Ev. 8. Mexico . . 1836 
lanthac&ntlius . S. Ev. S. . 1835 
EcHiNocHr.6A, Beauvois. From echinos, a hedgehog, 
and cA/oa, grass; alluding to the prickly lieads of 
flowers. Linn. 3, Or. 2, Nat. Or. Gramineoe. Hardy 
annuals, flt only to be grown in botanic gardens. 
Synonymes : 1. Panicum stag7iinum. 2. P. crus-galli. 
crus-galll, 2 . . Apetal . . 7, Grass. Britain . . 
seUger.-i .... Apetal . . 7, Grass. E. Ind. . . 1820 
commutatd 1, cru-t-cCrr?, cchinata, erythrospermd, inter- 
media, stagnind. 
EchinophSra, Tcurnefort. From echinos, a hedgehog, 
and phoreo, to bear ; the involucrum is covered with 
stiff spines. Linn. 5, Or. 2, Nat Or. UmbcUiferas. 
Rather interesting plants, succeeeding in any com- 
mon soil, and increased by dividing the roots, 
spindsa .... White . . 7, H. Her. P. England 
tenuifolia . . . White . . 7, H. Her. P. Apulia . . 1731 
trichophylla . . White . . 7, H. Her. P. Levant . .1820 
EchinopOc-on, Beauvois. From echinos, prickly, and 
pogon, a beard. Linn. 3, Or. 2, Nat. Or. Graminece. 
A mere weed, of the simplest culture Synonyme : 
1. Agrostis ovatus—ovatus. 
EchInSps, Linn. From echinos, a hedgehog, and opsis, 
aspect; in allusion to the hedgehog-like heads of 
flowers. Linn. 19, Or. 5, Nat. Or. ConipoaiftP. Coarse 
plants, of considerable beauty, attaining from one 
to five feet high. They are well adapted for borders, 
on account of their stiff growth ; any common soil 
suits them, and young plants are obtained by divid- 
ing the roots. In Spain, they use the flower of E. 
strigosus for tinder. Synonyme: 1. E. persicus. 
exalUtus . . . ^Vhite . 7, H. Her. P. Austria . 1817 
herridus, 1 . . . Blue . . 7, H. B. Persia . . 1818 
humills . . . . Blue . . 7, H. R Caucasus . 1816 
lanuginhsus . . Blue . . 7, H. R I.evant . . 1736 
paniculatus . . Blue . . 7, H. Her. P. Spain . . 1815 
TOlycephaias . . Blue . . 7,H. Her. P. S. Eur. . . 1816 
Rllro .... Blue . . 7, H. Her. P. Europe . . 1570 
ruth^Tcus . . . Blue . . 7, H. Her. P. Russia . . 1816 
sphserocephAlus . Lgt. blue 7, H. Her. P. Austria . . 1596 
spinosus . . .White . 7, H. Her. P. Egypt . .1597 
strictus .... Pa. blue . 7. H. Her. P. Europe . . 1822 
strigds&s . . . While . 7, H. A. Spain . . 1729 
taCrlcus . . . Blue . . 8, H. B. Tauria . . 1816 
tenuifollus . . . Blue . . 8, H. Her. P. Russia . . 1820 
virgaths .... Blue . . 6, H. Her. P. 8. Eur. . . 1820 
visebsus . . . Blue . . 8, H. B. Caucasus . 1818 
Echinospekmum, Swartz. From echinos, a hedgehog, 
and sperma, seed , the seeds are very prickly. Linn. 
5, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Boraginaceos. These plants are 
not worth cultivating, except in general collec- 
tions. Synonymes: 1. Myosotis Lappula. 2. M. 
marginata. 3. M. virginica. 
virginlcum, 3 . . Blue. . . 6, H. B. Virginia . 1699 
barbatum, defllxam, Lappuld 1, marginatam 2, patA- 
liim, RedOwsktl. 
Echites, Linn. From echis, a viper; referring to 
the smooth, twining shoots. Linn. 5, Or. 1, Nat. 
Or. Apocynacete. This is a most beautiful genus 
of evergreen twiners; they grow freely in a mix- 
ture of loam and peat, and are increased readily 
from cuttings in sand, under a glass. The bark of 
E. antidysenterica is astringent and febrifugal, 
antidvsenteriea . Pink . . 8. Ev. Tw. E. Ind. . . 1821 
biflorg . . . .mite . 7, S. Ev. Tw. W. Ind. .1793 
bispinosa . . .Pink. . 9, G. Ev. 8. C. G. H. .1795 
caryophyllata . . Pa. yel. 10, 8. Ev. Tw. E. Ind. . . 1812 
cymo^ . ... . 7, S. Ev. Tw. E.^Ind.^. .1828 
