STA STA 
STA STA 
jamnicensis . . Blue . . 7> S< B. W. lad. . 1714 
mutabllis . . . Orange . 6, S. Ev. S. S. Ainer. . 1801 
orublcd .... Violet . 7» S. A. Panama . 1699 
prismaiTca . . . Blue . . 5, S. B. W. Ind. . 1699 
uiticifblla . . . Blue . . 6, S. B. S. Amer. . 
Stackhousia, Smith. In honour of Mr. Stackhouse, 
a British botanist. Linji. 5, Or. 2, Nat. Or. Slack- 
housiacece. Ornamental plants, of common culture. 
linarisefOlJa . . G. Ev. S. N. Holl. . 1823 
inonogyna . . . Pink . . 4, H. Her. P. V. D. L. . 1835 
Stadmannia, Lamarck. In honour of M. Stadmann, 
a German botanical traveller. Linn. 8, Or. 1, Nat. 
Or. Sapindacece. A lofty-growing tree, with very 
large showy leaves. It grows in loam and peat ; 
and cuttings of the ripened wood, with the leaves 
left entire, will root in sand, under a glass, in a 
moist heat. 
australis . . . Whitish . G. Er. T. N. HolL . 1823 
Sx.^iHEr.iNA, Linn. In honour of Benedict Staehelin, 
a Swiss ^tanist. Linn. 19, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Com- 
positcB. Any light rich soil suits these plants ; and 
cuttings root readily in the same kind of soil. Sy- 
nonyme: 1. Pteronia Chanuepeuce. 
arborescens . . Purple . 8, F. Ev. S. Candia . . 1739 
Cliamaepeuce, 1 . Purple . 7i F. Ev. S. Candia . . 1640 
dublA .... Purple. . 6, H. De. S. S. Eur. . . 1640 
Staff-tree, see Celastrus. 
Stalagmitis, Murray. From slalagnos, a running out ; 
the trees exude a yellow resinous juice when cut. 
Linn. 18, Or. 2, Nat. Or. Guttiferae. A genus of 
very fine ornamental trees, thriving well in a mix- 
ture of turfy loam and peat, and requiring to be 
kept in a strong heat. Cuttings of the ripened 
wood will root in sand, under a glass, in a moist 
heat. The fruit of some of the species is eatable. 
The trees yield a yellow viscid juice, hardly dis- 
tinguishable from gamboge, and used for the same 
purposes by painters. Synonymes ; 1. Xayithochy- 
mus edulis. 2. X. guineensis. 3. X. luteus. 4. X. 
macrophyllus. 5. X. ovalifulius. U. X. purpureas. 
7- X. tinctorius. 
aulcis, 1 . . . Yellow . S. Ev. T. E. Ind. . . 1820 
guineensis, 2 . . Yellow . S. Ev. T. Guiana . . 1824 
luteus, 3 . . . Yel'ow . S. Ev. T. 
macrophtllus, 4 . Yellow . S. Ev. T. 
ovalifolliis, 5 . . YeUow . S. Ev. T. Ceylon . . 1820 
purpiireus, 6 . . S. Ev. T. 
tinctorius, 7 • • S. Ev. T. 
Stai.ks, the foot-stalks of leaves or flowers. 
Stamen, the male organ of a flower. 
Standard, the upper petals in a pea-flower. 
Stanhopea, Hooker. In compliment to Earl Stanhope, 
president of the Medico- Wan ical Society. Linn. 
20, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Orchidacece. The species of 
Stanhopea are splendid plants when in flower, par- 
ticularly S. Devoniensis and S. tigrina, both of 
which are at present rare in collections. The 
flowers of all the species are more or less fragrant 
The following is the method of cultivating these 
favourite plants at Chatsworth : — Over the drainage 
hole of the pot to be used for large plants, is in- 
verted one of a smaller size, generally covering 
about half the bottom of the pot ; above and around 
this is carefully thrown a quantity of broken pots, 
sufficient to fill the remaining cavity to within 
one -third of the top. A sufficient quantity of fibrous, 
moderately sandy peat is next selected, and placed 
on the top of the drainage, being first broken into 
various forms and sizes, but none of them less than 
a walnut. In placing these, care is taken to dispose 
of each, so as to leave a passage for the escape of 
water; this is more eflFectually secured by intro- 
ducing, as the process of potting goes on, a few 
pieces of broken pots between every layer, more or 
less, according to the size of the plant; indeed, 
it is an excellent plan to continue a connexion of 
broken pots all the way up the centre, to the bottom 
of the pseudo-bulbs. After the peat becomes level 
with the summit of the pot, the successive external 
layers are made fast by means of small pegs, varying 
from four to six inches long : these pegs penetrate 
the layers of peat, and thus secure the whole firmly 
together. At eight inches above the edge of the 
pot the plant is placed on the top, the roots are 
carefully laid out, and covered up to the bulbs very 
carefully with smaller pieces of peat and potsherds, 
1 301 ] 
continuing to fasten the peat as before described, 
until the whole is finished; when it will be a foot 
or fifteen inches above the top of the pot ; — small 
plants are not potted so high. When a single 
pseudo-bulb is first potted, it should be but very 
slightly raised above the level, and when a small 
plant of two or three bulbs is potted, it should not, 
at first, be raised more than two or three inches, 
but as it grows larger it is progressively elevated. 
In building up, as is here described, with peat, it 
does not terminate in the shape of a cone, but is 
carried up nearly square, being merely rounded a 
little at the top. Unless the plants are very healthy, 
water is given but sparingly at the roots, and in 
winter very little or none is supplied ; the great 
desideratum in the cultivation of Orchidaceae being 
to preserve the roots, which, by over-watering, espe- 
ciMly in winter, are almost sure to be destroved. 
The general temperature of the house ranges from 
60 to 85 degrees; in the afternoon, during the 
growing season, it is shut up early, and the paths 
well watered, and once or twice a week a little 
water is sprinkled over the plants. It is of great 
advantage to have a tan bed in the house, for the 
purpose of plunging the plants, as the heat from 
the tan circulates through the peat and potsherds, 
and causes the specimens to grow with great lux- 
uriance. Young plants are obtained by taking off 
one or more of the bulbs, potting them in proper 
sized pots, in the above soil, well drained, and 
placing them on a hot flue; being careful, in water- 
ing, not to allow the smallest quantity to rest upon 
the young buds. After they have formed roots, 
increase the size of the pots, and in other respects 
attend to them as before recommended. 
Devoniensis ... Or. spot, red 7, S. Epi. Mexico . . 
eburnea .... White . . 6, S. Epi. Brazil . . 
graiidiflora . . . While . . 6, S. Epi. Trinidad . 1824 
insignis .... Wht. pur. . 9, S. Epi. Quito . . 
LIndlOyl .... Brn. red . 8, S. Epi. Mexico . . 
maculosa . . . Blue grn. . 8, S. Epi. Mexico . . 1839 
oculata .... "Whl. pur. . 6, S. Epi. Brazil . . 1829 
qiiadricdrnls . . Wht. spot. 6, S. Epi. S. Main . 
tigrina .... Or. spot, red 7. S. Epi. Xalapa . . 
Wardn .... Yel. brn. . 8, S. Epi. Mexico . .1836 
Stanleya. Nuttall named this genus in compliment 
to Edward Stanley, Earl of Derby, F.R.S.,V.P.L S., 
President of the Zoological Society, and a munifi- 
cent patron of the sciences, especially Botany and 
Ornithology. Linn. 15, Nat. Or. Cruci ferae. A 
pretty little plant, succeeding well in the open 
border in vegetable mould; and increased by 
divisions of the root or by seeds. Synonyme: 1. 
Cleome pinnata. 
pinnatlfida, 1 . . Yellow . 6, H. Her. P. Louisiana . 1816 
Stapelia. Named b\' Linnaeus after Boderus Stapel, 
a physician of Amsterdam, and commentator on 
Theophrastus. Linn. 5, Or. 2, Nat. Or. Asrlepia- 
dacece. An extensive genus of plants, well worth 
cultivating for their grotesque appearance, and 
their singularly beautiful star-like flowers, which 
have usually a very fetid smell. The soil best 
suited for them is sandy loam, and old brick or lime 
rubbish. The pots should be well drained, and the 
plants at all times carefully watered, especially in 
winter, when they must be kept in a perpetually 
dry state. They are readily increased by cuttings, 
which should, if possible, be only taken off in spring, 
when the plants are dormant. They should be 
allowed to dry for a few days after they are taken 
from the mother plant ; after which, they may be 
planted in separate pots, in the same compost as 
before recommended, when they will strike root in 
a very short time. Synonymes : 1. S. dejlexa. 2. S. 
grandijlora. 
acuminSt^ . . • Pur. str. . 8, S. Ev. S. C. G- H. . 1795 
ambigua . . • Pur. bm. . 6, S. Ev. S. C. G. H. . 1 /95 
aperU .... Yel. pur. . 7, S. Ev. S. C. G. H. . 1795 
AstSrlas . . .Violet. . 6, G. Ev. S. C. G. H. .1795 
canescens . . .Brown . 7, G. Ev. S. C. G. H. . 1795 
com&tA .... Pa. yel. . 9, G. Ev. S. C. G. H. . 1819 
concinna . . . Green . . 7 j G. Ev. S. C. G. H. . 1798 
fissirostrls . . .Yel. g^n. . G. Ev. S. C. G. H. . 1823 
flavicomatA . . Yellow . G. Ev. S. C. G. H. . 1810 
elandulIfbrS . . Yellsh. . 8. G. Ev. S. C. G. H. . 
glandiiliflorA . . Brown . 8, G. Ev. S. C. G- H. .1 795 
Gordonl .... Yel. bni. . G. Ev. S. C. G. H. . 1796 
grandifldrA . . . Dk. pur. . 10. G. Ev. S. C. G. H. . 1795 
Lmsta .... Bid. red . 7, G. Ev. S. C. G. H. . 1820 
