TAM TAN 1 tan TAX 
of the date, and Indus, Indian ; Indian-date. Linn. 
16, Or. 6, Nat. Or. Leguminosce. The species of 
Tamarind thrive in a mixture of sandy loam and 
peat; and are readily increased by seeds, which 
are annually imported from the East and West 
Indies; they should be sown on a hotbed, and 
planted singly into pots, when about three inches 
high. Cuttings root readily in sand, under a glass, 
in heat. The preserved pulp of the tamarind is 
well known as a delicious confection. 
Indica .... Yellow . 6, S. Ev. T. India . . 1633 
occidental's . . Yel>h. . 2, S. Ev. T. W. Ind. . 1633 
Tamarisk, see TamArlx. 
Tamahik, Linn. So named on account of the plants 
' growing on the banks of the Tamaris, now Tambro, 
on the borders of the Pyrenees. Linn. 5, Or. 3, 
Nat. Or. Tamaricacece. This is a genus of very 
elegant shrubs. The hardy species is well suited 
for ornamenting shrubberies ; it grows well in any 
soil or situation ; and increases freely by cuttings, 
planted in the open ground, in spring or autumn. 
T. orientalis succeeds well in a mixture of loam and 
peat; and cuttings root readily in sand, under a 
glass, in heat. The bark of all the species is 
slightly bitter, astringent, and probably tonic. 
The manna of Mount Sinai is produced by a variety 
of T. gallica ; it consists wholly of pure mucilaginous 
sugar. Synonyms: 1. T. articulata. 
dioica .... S. Ev. S. E. Ind. . . 1823 
gallica .... Flesh . . 7, H. De. S. England . 
orientalis, 1 . . Pink . . S. Ev. T. E. Ind. . . 
TamSnka, Aublet. Tamone is its name in Guiana. 
Linn. 14, Or. 2, Nat. Or. Verbenacecs. Ornamental 
biennials. They should be raised on a hotbed, and, 
when of sufficient size, planted singly into pots of 
sandy soil, and treated as other stove biennfels. 
Synonymes : 1. T. verbenacea, Ghinia spinosa, 2. G. 
mutica. 
curas^avlca, 1 . . Blue . . 7, S. B. W. Ind. . 1823 
mutica, 2 . . . Blue . . 7, S. B. Guiana . . 1820 
Tamus, Linn. A name applied by Columella to a 
plant resembling a vine. Linn. 22, Or. 6, Nat. Or. 
Dioscoreacea. Hardy twining plants, of no interest, 
succeeding in common garden soil ; division of the 
roots — T. communis, crStlca. 
Tanacetvm, Linn. Said to be altered from Athanasia. 
Linn. 19, Or. 2, Nat. Or. Composites. The species 
of Tanacetum or Tansjf are not possessed of much 
beauty. The hardy kinds succeed in any common 
soil ; and are readily increased by division The 
greenhouse species should be grown in a light, rich 
soil. They increase freely by cuttings. Withering 
asserts, that if meat be rubbed with the leaves of 
tansy, the flesh-fly will not touch it. Synonymes : 
1. Achillea Jilipendula. 2. A. bipinnata. 
angulatum, 1 . Yellow . 7, H- Her. P. Levant . . 1820 
crispum . . . Yellow . 7, H. Her. P. 
globiillf^riim . Yellow . 9, H. A. Russia . . 1838 
grandiflorum . Yellow . 5, G. Her. P. C. G. H. . 1820 
incanum ... H. Her. P. Altai . . 1831 
tnyriophvllum, 2 Yellow . 6, H. Her. P. Levant . . 1816 
purpurfiQm . . Pa. red . 6, H. Her. P. Nepal . . 1818 
vulgar^ . . . Yellow . 6, H. Her. P. Britain . . 
variegatum . Yellow . 7, H. Her. P. Britain . . 
ArgintSfim, boreali, canariSnsS, linifUliam, orientals, 
sibirtcum, suffrvticOsum, vestitnm. 
TanaeciOm, Swartz. From tanaekes, long; stems 
elongated. Linn. 14, Or. 2, NaL Or. Gesneraceae 
This species is described as an ornamental, lofty - 
growing tree. For culture and propagation, see. 
Bignonia. Synonymes: 1. Crescentia pinnata, Tri- 
pinnaria africana. 
pinnatum, 1 . . Red . . S. Ev. T. Mozamb. . 1826 
TanghTnia, Du Petit Thouars. From Tanghin, the 
Madagascar name of T. venenijlua, the seed of 
which is the ordeal nut of that Island. Linn. 5, 
Or. 1, Nat. Or. Apoeynacecs. These remarkable 
plants may be rererred to Taber ncemontana, for 
culture and propagation. T. venenijlua is the cele- 
brated ordeal tree of Madagascar. The fruit is 
yellow ; and incloses a flbrous stone or nut ; the 
kernel inclosed in this stone, or nut, is said by 
some to be the part used for the ordeaJ, and to be 
infused in a liquid of which the accused person is 
made to drink ; others say the infusion is made of 
the entire fruit. In Don’s Dictionary of Gard. and 
t 309 \ 
Bot., vol. 4, p. 98, is the following* passage relative 
to this subject : — “ The custom of administering 
Tanghin as an ordeal, in Madagascar, has become 
far more universal during the present reign, than 
at any former period of the Huwa government. 
When her present Majesty, in the b^eginning of 
1830, came to the resolution of cleansing her lands 
from sorcerers, an ordeal was commanded in every 
town and village ; and in Tannanarivoo scarcely 
any class of the inhabitants escaped. On the 9th 
of May, 1830, in compliance with the sovereign’s 
mandate, a notable adm'inistration of Tanghin took 
place. The accused persons amounted to about 
thirty, including some of the highest rank in the 
kingdom. All the nobUity recovered, while the 
unknown plebeians, who, according to the common 
jugglery, had been compelled to drink with them, 
died. The former made the usual triumphant 
entry into the town, on the 17th, borne in open 
palanquins, amongst the shouting, dancing, and 
grimaces of the many thousands of people. In the 
following month, about an equal number of Mala- 
gassy ladies submitted to the same ordeal ; but all 
survived, and, in due course, made a grand entry 
into town. The Tanghin is administered in private, 
as well as in public. A subject so deeply rooted 
in the minds of all the Malagassy people, from the 
sovereign down to the slave, is the belief in witch- 
craft ; and so blindly are they led on by this belief, 
that a whole nation may be considered as labouring 
under a spell, as powerful as the fascination which 
they attribute to the unfortunate sorcerers them- 
selves.” Synonymes: 1. Cerhera laurifolia. 2. C. 
lactaria. 3. C. Odollam. 4. C. Tanghin. 
laurifolia, 1 . . White. . 6, .S. Ev. T. E. Ind. . . 1818 
Man^has, 2 . . White. . 8, S. Ev. T. Singapore . 1800 
Odollam, 3. . . White. . 8, S. Ev. T. India . .1756 
veneniflua, 4 . . Pink . . 5, S. Ev. T. Madagas. . 1826 
Tangier pea, see Lath^rHs tingitdn&s. 
Tanna, see Euphorbia tanninsis. 
Tansy, see Tanacetum. 
Tapering, becoming gradually narrower. 
Tap-root, a root which penetrates deep and perpen- 
dicularly into the ground, without dividing. 
Tarchonanthus, Linn. From tarchon, the Arabic 
word for taragon, and anthos, a flower. Linn. 19, 
Or. 1, Nat. Or. Composites. Interesting plants, 
succeeding well in light rich soil ; and readily in- 
creased by cuttings, in sand, under a glass, 
camphoratas . . Purple . G Ev. S. C. G. H. . 1690 
ellipticus ... G. Ev. 6. C. G. H. . 1816 
Tare, see Ervfim. 
Targionia, Micheli. In honour of John Anthony 
Targioni, a Florentine botanist. Linn. 24, Or. 6, 
Nat. Or. Hepatices. This species is found growing 
in broad patches, in wet places — T. hypophylld. 
Tartareoiis, consisting of tartar. 
Tau scHERiA, F/icAer. In honour of Ignat. Frederick 
Tauscher, Professor of Botany at Prague, author of 
several botanicM works. Linn, lb, Nat. Or. Cruci- 
feres. Annuals of no beauty. The seed merely 
requires to be sown in the open border, or on rock- 
work. 
gymnocarpa . . White. . 6, H. A. Siberia . . 1820 
lasiocarpa . . . White . . 6, H. A. Siberia . . 1824 
Taverniera, Decandolle. In honour of J. B. Taver- 
nier, a traveller in the Levant. Linn. 17, Or. 4, 
Nat. Or. Leguminoses. For culture and propagation, 
see Dicerma. Synonymes : 1. Hedysarumlappaceum. 
2. H. nummularifolium. 
lappScea, 1 . . Yellow • 7, G. E». Tr. Arabia . 1820 
nummularis, 2 . Ronc . . 6, G. Ev. S. Levant . 1826 
Taxodium, Richard. From taxus, the yew, and 
like; trees resembling the yew. Linn.2\, Or. 8, 
Nat. Or. Coniferee. Ornamental, lofty-growing 
trees, well suited for planting singly on lawns. 
They grow best in a rich moist soil ; and are readily 
increased by seeds, layers, or by cuttings, with the 
leaves left whole, placed in a vessel of water, where 
they will root in a few weeks. The Deciduous 
Cypress is universally employed, throughout the 
United States, for making the best kind of shingles ; 
and in Louisiana it is used for almost every other 
purpose to which timber is applied. Synonymes: 
1 . Schubertia capensis. 2. S', disticha. 3- S. d. pendula. 
4. T. sinense pendulum. 5. T. sinense. 
