TOD TOR 
TOR TRA 
aculeStfi, 1 . . . White. . S. £v. S. E. Ind. . . 1790 
an^ustifOliSi 2 . White . . S. £v. S. Maurit. . 1824 
Toddalia, see Vepris. 
TOdka, Swartz. In honour of Henry Julius Tode, of 
Mecklenburg, an able and experienced mycologist. ■ 
Linn. 24, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Osmundaceae. Interesting 
Ferns, growing freely in loam and peat ; and in- 
creased by division or seeds. Synonyme: 1. Os- 
munda barbara. 
africsna, 1 . . . Brown . 6, G. Her. P. C. G. H. . 1805 
australis . . . Brown . all, G. Her. P. N. Holl. . 1831 
Tofieldia, Hudson named this genus in compliment 
to his friend Mr. Tofield. Linn, 6, Or. 3, Nat. Or. 
Melanthaceae. Loam and peat, or any light soil, and 
a moist situation, suit the species of Tojieldia. 
They are increased by division of the roots. Syno- 
nyme ; 1. T. palustris. 
alplaa, 1 . . . Green . . 7. H. Her. P. N. Ear. 
glutinosa . . .White. . H. Her. P. N. Amer. . 1825 
palustris . . . Green . . 7> H. Her. P. Britain . . 
pubescens . . . White. . 4, H. Her. P. N. Anier. . 1790 
stenopetala . . Green . . 6, H. Her. P. N. Amer. . 1820 
Tolpis, Adanson. Meaning not known. Linn, 19, 
Or. 1, Nat. Or. Composites. A genus of very pretty 
annuals, well suited for ornamenting flower borders, 
where the seeds may be sown in spring. Synonymes : 
1. Crepis barbata. 2. C. coronopifolia. 
alUssIma . . . Yellow . 6, H. A. Piedmont . 1823 
barbata, 1 . . . Yel. pur. . 6, H. A France . . 1620 
coronopifOlia, 2 .' Yellow . 6, H. A. S. Eur. . . 1777 
umbellata . . . Yel. pur. . H. A. Genoa . . 1820 
virgata .... Yellow . H. A. S. Eur. . . 1800 
Tomkntosb, covered with dense white down. 
Tomkntum, dense, close, white hairs, or down. 
To.vic, bracing, corroborative. 
Tonquin heai«, see Diptirix. 
T0NSELI.A, see SalacJd. 
Toothache-trkb, see XanthSxylnm,. 
Toothed, divided, so as to resemble teeth. 
Toothletted, furnished with little teeth. 
Toothwobt, see LatHrad. 
Topical, local, confined to some particular place. 
Tord?li 0 m, Tournefort. An ancient Greek name, of 
unknown meaning. Linn. 5, Or. 2, Nat. Or. Um- 
bellifetce. Uninteresting annuals. The seeds should 
be sown in the open border — T. lusitanicnm, nUlxl- 
mtim, peregrlnflm, sii^bllfim, syridcOm. 
TorenIa, Linw In honour of Olof Toren, a Swedish 
clergyman, who discovered T. asiatica, and other 
plants in China. Linn. 14, Or. 2, Nat. Or. Scrophu- 
lariacece. For culture, &c., see Herpestis. 
Bcabra .... Pa. blue . 6, G. Ev. S. Moreton B. 1830 
asidtlcd, cordifbtid, 
TorenTa, see VandSlttd. 
T6RILIS, Sprenget. Not explained. Linn. 5, Or. 2, 
Nat. Or. Umbelliferce. The seed of these plants 
maybe sown in the open ground. _ Synonymes: 1. 
Caucalis Anthriscus. 2. C. arvensis, helvrtica. 3. 
Scandix trichosperma — T. anthrlscds 1, inflstd 2, 
neglSctd, nodOsd, trichospSrmd 3, tuberculdtd. 
TorwbntIlla, Linn. From /orwicn^um, pain ; alluding 
to its supposed efficacy in tooth-ache, as well as to 
its being supposed to cure diseases of the bowels. 
Linn. 12, Or. 3, Nat. Or. Rosacea. British her- 
baceous plants, not worth growing, except in 
botanical gardens. The roots of T. erecta are so 
astringent as to be used in the western isles of 
Scotland for tanning leather; for which purpose 
they are superior even to oak bark. The root is 
likewise one of the most efficacious of our indigenous 
aromatic astringents, and may be used with great 
efiFect in cases where medicines of this class are 
proper. It is usually given in decoction. Syno- 
nymes: 1. T. officinalis. 2. Potentilla humifusa — 
T. erSetd 1, humifusa 2, rSptdns. 
Torose, uneven, alternately elevated and depressed. 
Tortula, Hednrig. From torqueo, to twist; in allusion 
to the singular manner in which the teeth of the 
peristome are tw'isted together. Linn. 24, Or. 5, 
Nat. Or. Musci. Small plants, generally found in 
thick tufts. They are common to nearly all situ- 
ations. The character from which the genus has 
received its designation will zdways faithfully 
indicate the species. Synonymes: 1. Zigotrichia 
cylindrica. 2. T. rigida. 3. T. imberbis, unguiculata. 
4. T. nervosa. 5. T. apiculata, aristata, barbata. 
humilis, mucronulata — T. brevirOstrls, convolatd, 
cuneifOlid, cyltndricd 1, enSrvis 2,fdlldx 3, F. brevi- 
caulis, linotdes, gracilis, G. ptridis, murdlis, M. 
brevipild, revolutd 4, rtgtdd, ruralis, R. Iceviplld, 
stellatd, subuldtd, S. obtGsa, tortuBsd, unguiculata 5. 
T6rula, Persoon. A diminutive of torus, a twisted 
cord ; appearance of the filaments. Linn. 24, Or. 9, 
Nat. Or. Fungi. Found upon dead stems of plants 
— T. cylindrica, Eriophbri, htrbdrflm, monilloldes, 
ovalispOrd. 
Torulose, slightly torose. 
Torus, the same as Thalamus 
Touch-me-not, see ImpdtiSns. 
TournefQrtia, Linn. In memory of Joseph Pitton 
de Tournefort, the distinguished author of an 
arrangement of plants under the title of “ Institu- 
tiones Rei Herbaria," and other botanical works, 
from 1694 to 1717; his first work “ Instituliones,'’ 
laid the foundation of the arrangement now fol- 
lowed, called the Jussieuan, or Natural System. 
Linn. 19, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Ehretiacea. The species 
of Tournefortia are hardly worth cultivating for 
ornament. They are of the easiest management; 
and are readily increased by cuttings, in sand, 
those of the stove species in heat. Synonymes: 1. 
Arguzia montana, Messerschmidia Arguzia. T. Ar- 
guzia. 
angustifblia . . Wht. grn. 8, G. Er. S. Canaries . 1020 
argentea . . . White. . 8, S. Ev. S. E. Ind. . . 1822 
blcblbr . . . Green . . 6, S. Ev. S. Jamaica . 1812 
cymosit . . . Dull wht. 7, S. Ev. S. Jamaica . 1777 
foctidisslma . . Dull wht. 7i S. Ev. S. Jamaica . 1739 
fruticosa . . . White. . 6, O. Ev. S. Canaries . 1800 
heliotropioides . Pa. li. . . 5, *4^ Ev. S. B. Ayres . 1829 
laurifolKl ... Yel wht. . 7, S. Ev. S. S. Amer. . 
muUbllls . . . Gmsh. wht. 7, G. Ev. S. Java . . 1820 
sefibrA .... Wht. red . 8, S. Ev. S. St Domingo 1700 
siblrlcS, 1 . . White . . 8, F. Her. P. Siberia . . I78O 
sufFrutieCsS . . White. . 6, S. S. Jamaica . 1759 
TourretIa, Dombey. In honour of Marc Antoine 
Louis Claret de la Tourrette, a friend of Rousseau, 
author of some botanical works. Linn. 14, Or. 2, 
Nat. Or. Bignoniacea. The seed should be sown 
on a hotbed, early in spring, and when the young 
plants are sufficiently strong, they may be planted 
in light soil, against a wall or pillar. Synonyme : 
1. Dombey a lappacea. 
lappaces, 1 . . Ro. gm. . 7, H. CL A. Peru . . 1788 
Tower mustard, see Turritis. 
Tower mustard, see Ardbis Turritd. 
TrachblIum, Linn. From trachclos, the neck; from 
its supposed efficacy in diseases of the Trachea ; 
hence the English name of the genus, Throatwort. 
Linn. 6, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Campanulacea. This plant 
is very showy when in flower. It thrives best in 
light soil, against a south wall ; and is easily in- 
creased by seeds, or by cuttings, planted under a 
glass, in spring. 
cceruUum . . . Blue . . 8, H. Her. P. Italy . . 1640 
Trachymenb, Rudge. From trachys, rough, and 
hymen, a membrane ; channels of ihe fruit. Linn. 
6, Or. 2, Nat. Or. Umbellifera. All the species will 
succeed well in a mixture of loam and sandy peat; 
and they may be increased by young cuttings, in 
the same kind of soil, under a glass, or by seeds. 
T. carulea is raised from seed, sown on a gentle 
hotbed ; and afterwards treated like other green- 
house plants. Synonyme: \. Didiscus earuleus. 
ftlbHA .... Brt. cream G. A. N. Holl. . 1838 
caerulea, 1 . . . Blue . . 7i G. A. N. HolL . 1827 
gigant^ ... S. Ev. S. 
incisa .... G. Ev. S. N. Holl. . 1819 
lanceolfiU . . . White. . 7. G. Ev. S. N. HolL . 1829 
lipearls . . . .Yellow . 7> G. Ev. S. N. Holl. .1824 
TrachyspermOm, Link'^ From trachys, rough, and 
sperma, a seed; in reference to the muricated 
fruit. Linn. 6, Or. 2, Nat. Or. Umbellifera. An 
uninteresting plant, of very simple culture, and 
increased by seeds. Synonymes: \. Bunium rigens, 
Conium rigens — T. rigSns 1. 
Trachytella, Dscandolle. From trachytes, roughness ; 
because the leaves, which have a very rough sur- 
face, are used for polishing wood, and also metal. 
Linn. 13, Or. 5, Nat. Or. Dilleniacea. This species 
succeeds well in a mixture of peat and loam, and 
ripened cuttings root freely in sand, under a glass. 
act»4 .... White. . G. Ev. Cl. China . .1823 
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