19 
C.— 13. 
along the gully of Duffer’s Creek ; further to the south-west these terraces fuse with the broader 
expanse of the Ahaura Plain that lies between Orwell Creek and the Ahaura River, and which 
extends some eight miles back from the Grey River. 
Between Lake Hochstetter and Bell Hill there is a considerable extent of alluvial ground, 
which is of younger date than the Pliocene gravels of the “ Old-man bottom,” yet scarcely due to 
the action of rivers following their present direction ; these, therofore, must be considered 
as high-level gravels. The greater part of the Arnold Flat must be considered recent, but on the 
ridge between Maori Gully and the low grounds along the Arnold there are terraces of gravel that, 
clearly of river origin, have to be dealt with at this time and under this head. 
Along the coast, from the mouth of the Grey to Cape Foul wind, there are no deposits that can 
be rightly considered or described as “ Old high-level river-gravels.” On its western side the Buller 
has cut a series of terraces from the level of Addison’s Flat to that of the river at the present time. 
These are terraces of erosion, not of deposit. Higher up the river, on the same side and on the 
opposite east side, massive high-level terraces stretch north along the foot of the Granite Ranges. 
These high-level terraces extend north along the range to Fairdown. 
In the Inangahua Valley such terraces are to he met with on the right bank of the Inangahua, 
near Reefton, and again between the Waitahu River and Boatman’s Creek; and in the lower valley 
they form a high terrace between the lower Inangahua and the Buller, below the junction of the 
Inangahua. It is from the gravels of this high terrace that the gold came that was obtained from 
the caves and fissures of the limestone. 
In the Upper Buller high-level gravels are present on Manuka Flat, between Lyell Creek and the 
Buller, between the Lyell Township and the Eight-mile. These gravels are at a considerable elevation 
above the present drainage channels. They appear to be river-gravels, though it has been suggested 
that they are deposits in the bed of a lake, aud this on account of the presence of beds of fine 
granite sand interbedded with the coarser bouldery wash. The gravels are gold-bearing, but have 
not proved payable. They should be prospected. Between the Newton and the mouth of the 
Maruia there are high terraces on the right bank of the Buller which, if water was brought on to 
them, are likely to develop into profitable workings of considerable extent. 
In the Upper Maruia Valley the high-level terraces south of the moraine stretching across the 
valley, above the junction of the Warbeck, as lake deposits are n some sense to be regarded, as river- 
gravels, and have to be dealt with in this place. They stretch up the valley to the mouth of Station 
Creek. The gravels of the Bog Saddle have also to be considered. These have been deposited by 
the Maruia when it was an affluent, rather the true source, of the Grey River. In the Matakitaki 
Valley heavy deposits of auriferous gravel, on both sides of the river above th6 Glenroy junction, 
may be dealt with under this bead, though for the matter of that they might be regarded as recent, 
seeing that under a considerable thickness of these gravels an underlying and evidently unconform- 
able series is seen, which are yet younger than the gravels of the “ Old-man bottom.” 
II. Pleistocene and Youngeb Pliocene. 
(a.) Extended Glacier Deposits outside the Limits of the Mountains . — The hilly country between 
the lower course of the Hokitika River and the Totara River, west of the Big Swamp and Constitu- 
tion Hill, forms the most extensive, continuous, and connected area of these deposits. Here and 
generally they consist mainly of angular morainic material, mostly brought from the unaltered 
Palaeozoic rocks of the higher part of the Southern Alps, but schist, to a limited extent and a fair 
proportion of granite rocks, are also present, and at some places predominate. Although the 
general character of these deposits is angular and subangular pieces of rock of all sizes, rolled 
gravels do also occur in association with the less rounded material. In this area they have been 
encroached on by the action of the Totara River, and reduced, over a considerable breadth of flat 
oountry on the north side of the river, to the condition of well-rolled gravels. At other places, along 
the road from Ross to Rimu, gravels appear, but it cannot always be said whether such gravels 
overlie, are associated with, or underlie the more angular glacier material. Gold-prospecting has 
been carried on in these beds to a limited extent only, and it must be said that they have been 
prospected less than they should have been. The great difficulty in developing the field is the lack 
of an abundant high-pressure water-supply, such as is available for the Kutnara field, and there are 
almost insuperable difficulties in the way of bringing such a supply from any proposed source on 
to the ground. At Woodstock, on the west side of the Hokitika River, opposite Kanieri Township, 
at the Kanieri Township, and along the foot of the Mount Misery Range, glacier moraines lie in the 
low grounds, and near the Kanieri Township these have been worked to some extent after the 
manner followed at Kumara. At the Kanieri, however, the deposit occurs at too low a level for 
the successful working and treating of the auriferous material by the processes hitherto in vogue in 
the district. 
Below the Kanieri Forks the glacier deposits bend to the eastward, and run along the lower 
southern slopes of the hills between Kanieri Lake and the Kokatahi Plain. Between the 
left or main branch of the Kanieri River and the Humphrey’s Gully Range glacier moraines are 
found at a considerable altitude, and thence pass across a saddle in the range into the watershed of 
the Three-mile Creek. These deposits are worked for gold at the Kanieri Forks and in the upper 
part of the Three-mile Creek. 
In the Arahura Valley great accumulations of glacier matter lie along the east side of the 
valley in the second gorge ; and between Island Hill and the eastern end of the Humphrey’s Gully 
Range a vast moraine has accumulated that at one time stretched across the valley, but now this 
is cut through to a depth of 500ft. Along the northern side of the Humphrey’s Gully Range 
moraine deposits extend, at a high level, to Humphrey’s Gully Claim, and similar deposits can be 
traced along the range yet further to the north-west. 
On the north-eastern side of the Arahura, glacier deposits can be traced over almost the whole 
