ENGLER'S SYSTEM 
I2 5 
A. Cohorts with marked inequality in no. of flower parts. 
Cohort i. Pcindanales (flr. naked, or with homochlam., bract-like 
perianth, unisexual ; sta. i — oo ; cpls. i — oo ; endosperm ; infl. compound, 
spherical or cylindrical ; marsh-herbs or trees with linear leaves) : 
N. O. 6. Typhaceae. 7. Pandanaceae. 8. Sparganiaceae. 
Cohort 2. Helobieae (flr. cyclic or hemicyclic ; perianth o or in 1 or 2 
whorls, homo- or hetero-chlam., hypo- or epi-gynous; sta. 1 — co ; cpls. 
1 — oo, or (1 — 00); endosperm little or none; water or marsh plants): 
N. O. 9. Potamogetonaceae. 10. Naiadaceae. 11. Aponogeton- 
aceae. 12. Juncaginaceae. 13. Alismaceae. 14. Butomaceae. 15. 
Hydrocharitaceae. 
Cohort 3. Trinridciles (flrs. polygamous, homochlam. ; P. 3 — 8, 
petaloid; sta. 3, 4, or 6; cpls. oo , each with 1 basal ovule; 
saprophytes) : 
N. O. 16. Triuridaceae. 
Cohort 4. Glu??iiflorae (flr. naked, rarely with hair-like or true 
perianth, covered by glumes; ovary i-loc. with 1 ovule): 
N. O. 17. Gramineae. 18. Cyperaceae. 
Cohort 5. Principes (flr. usually cyclic, homochlam., 3-merous, 
hypogynous, regular or rarely zygomorphic; sta. usually 6; cpls. 3, 
usually each with 1 fleshy ovule; stem monopodial with fan-like or 
pinnate leaves; infl. a simple or compound spadix): 
N. O. 19. Palmae. 
Cohort 6. Synanthae (flr. always unisexual; $ naked or with thick 
shortly toothed perianth, and 6 — 00 sta. ; ? naked or with 4 fleshy scale- 
like leaves, before each of which is a long thread-like staminode ; cpls. 
(2) or (4), with 2 or 4 placentae and 00 ovules, sunk in axis of spadix): 
N. O. 20. Cyclanthaceae. 
Cohort 7. Spathijiorae (flr. cyclic, with o, 1, or 2 homochlam. 
whorls of perianth, 3- or 2-merous, $ or unisexual, often much reduced, 
even to 1 sta. or cpl.; spadices simple, enclosed in spathes, with no 
bracts; sympodial plants, rarely with well developed stems): 
N. O. 21. Araceae. 22. Lemnaceae. 
B. Cohorts with typically 5-whorled flrs., whorls typically isomerous 
usually 3-merous, rarely more or 2-merous. 
Cohort 8. Farinosae (flr. cyclic, homo- or hetero-chlam., 3- or 
2- merous, usually P 3 + 3, A 3 + 3, G (3) ; one whorl of sta. is sometimes 
wanting, or all sta. but 1 ; ovules often orthotropous ; endosperm mealy): 
N. O. 23. Flagellariaceae. 24. Restionaceae. 25. Centrolepi- 
daceae. 26. Mayacaceae. 27. Xyridaceae. 28. Eriocaulaceae. 
29. Rapateaceae. 30. Bromeliaceae. 31. Commelinaceae. 32. 
Pontederiaceae. 33. Philydraceae. 
Cohort 9. Liliiflorae (like 8, but endosperm fleshy or cartilaginous 
ovules usually anatropous ; flrs. sometimes 4- or 5-merous) : 
N. O. 34. Juncaceae. 35. Stemonaceae. 36. Liliaceae. 37. 
Plaemodoraceae. 38. Amaryllidaceae. 39. Velloziaceae. 40. 
Taccaceae. 41. Dioscoreaceae. 42. Iridaceae. 
Cohort 10. Scitamineae (flr. cyclic, homo- or hetero-chlam. , 3-merous, 
typically diplostemonous but often with reduction of androeceum even 
to 1 sta., usually epigynous and zygomorphic; ovary usually 3-loc. 
