FLORAL REGIONS 
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Pandanaceae, &c., are common ; other characteristic plants 
are Adansonia, Cola, Butyrospermum, &c. In the south- 
western deserts occur Welwitschia, Acanthosicyos, and other 
peculiar forms. 
7. The East African Island Region . To this belong 
Madagascar, Mauritius, the Seychelles, Mascarenes, &c. 
The flora shows relationships to those of both India and 
Africa. Many endemic forms occur, e.g. Lodoicea, Brexia, 
Chlaenaceae, species of Pandanus, Ravenala, &c. 
8. The Lndo-Malayan Region includes India (except the 
Punjab), Ceylon, Burmah, Cochin-China, and the islands 
from Formosa to New Guinea, Polynesia, and northern 
Australia. Palms, Pandanaceae, Zingiberaceae, Musaceae, 
Pedaliaceae, Moraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, and other forms 
abound in this region. Among the characteristic genera are 
Nepenthes, Tectona, Shorea, Corypha, Caryota, Imperata, 
and most species of Ficus, Garcinia, Calotropis, Piper, Oryza 
(rice), &c. 
9. The 1 ropical American Region. Beginning in Florida 
and Central Mexico, this extends over the West Indies, 
Central America, the Amazon valley, Paraguay, Uruguay, 
&c. Characteristic orders are the Cactaceae, Loasaceae, 
Cyclanthaceae, Bromeliaceae, Velloziaceae, Marcgraviaceae, 
Vochysiaceae, &c. and many genera, e.g. Agave, Dasylirion 
and other Liliaceae, Zea (maize), Phytelephas, Sabal, Oreo- 
doxa, Copernicia, Ceroxylon, Mauritia and other Palms, 
Carica, Hevea, Theobroma, Victoria, Swietenia, many 
Compositae, Couroupita, Bertholletia, &c. 
III. Austral Group. 10. The South African Region. 
Though small, including chiefly the area south of the Orange 
River, this region is wonderfully rich in endemic forms and 
contains a vast number of species. Among the character- 
istic forms are many Iridaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Liliaceae, 
Juncaceae (including Prionium), Restiaceae, Ericaceae, 
Bruniaceae, Penaeaceae, Proteaceae (chiefly Protea and 
Leucadendron), Selagineae (Scrophulariaceae), Diosmeae 
(Rutaceae), Acacias, Mesembryanthemum, Helichrysum, 
Pelargonium, Oxalis, Crassula, and many more. 
11. The Australian Region includes Australia (except 
the northern part belonging to region 8) and Tasmania. 
There are many representative forms of Haemodoraceae, 
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