PART II. 
Abatia Ruiz et Pav. Flacourtiaceae (Samydaceae, Benth. -Hooker). 
5 sp. trop. S. Am. 
Abelia R.Br. Caprifoliaceae (hi), n sp. As., Mex. United to Lin- 
naea in Nat . PJl. 
Abelmoschus Medic. = Hibiscus Linn. 
Aberia Hochst. Flacourtiaceae (Bixineae, Benth. -Hooker), n sp. 
Afr., Ceylon. The fruits of A. caffra Harv. et Sond. (Kei apple), and 
others, are edible. United to Doryalis in Nat . PJl. 
Abies (Toum.) Linn. Synonymy : A. alba Michx. = Picea alba; A. 
alba Mill. = A. pectinata DC. ; A. americana Mill. = Tsuga canadensis ; 
A. californica Hort. = Tsuga Douglasii; A. canadensis Michx. = 
Tsuga canadensis; A . canadensis Mill. = Picea alba; A. Cedrus 
Poir. = Cedrus Libani ; A. Deodara Lindl. =C. Deodara ; A. Doug- 
lasii Lindl. = Tsuga Douglasii; A. excelsa Link = A. pectinata; A. 
excelsa Poir. =Picea excelsa; A. Kaempferi Lindl. = Pseudolarix 
Kaempferi ; A. Larix Poir. = Larix europaea ; A. inontana Nym. = 
Picea excelsa; A. mucronata Rafin. = Tsuga Douglasii; A. nigra 
Desf. or Duroi = Picea nigra; A. Omorika Nym. = Picea Omorika; 
A. orientalis Poir. = Picea orientalis ; A . pectinata Poir. = Picea 
rubra; A. Picea Lindl. = A. pectinata DC.; A. Picea Mill. = Picea 
excelsa; A. rubra Poir. = Picea rubra; A. vulgaris Poir. = A. 
pectinata. 
Coniferae (Arauc. i b ; see C. for genus characters). 20 sp. N. 
temp. The firs are evergreen trees with needle leaves borne directly 
on the stems. On the main stem the symmetry is radial, whilst on the 
horizontal branches the leaves twist so as to get their surfaces all much 
in one plane (p. 47). If the top bud or leader be destroyed, however, 
a branch bud below it takes up the vertical growth and radial symmetry 
(p. 20). The cones are large and arranged much like those of Pinus. 
The female is often brightly coloured, though the C. are wind-fertilised 
(p. 101). The carpel-scales are large and appear on the outside of the 
cone between the ovuliferous scales. The cone ripens in one year. 
A. pectinata DC. (silver-fir), common in the Mts. of S. Eur., yields 
a valuable wood, “ Strasburg ” turpentine (p. 199), &c. A. balsa?nea 
Mill. (E. N. Am.), the balsam fir, yields the pure form of turpentine 
known as Canada balsam, used in optical and microscopical work. Many 
other sp. also yield useful timbers and resins. The firs are handsome 
trees; among those most commonly cultivated are A. concolor Lindl. 
et Gord. (N. W. Am.), A. Jir??ia Sieb. et Zucc. (Japan), A. nobilis 
Lindl. (N. W. Am.), A. Nordinanniana Spach (Caucasus), A. Pinsapo 
Boiss. (Spain), A. Webbiana Lindl. (Himal.). 
