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B1GN0NIA CEAE 
placentae. Capsule septifragal or loculicidal : seed usually flattened 
and with large membranous wing, exalbuminous. 
Classification and chief genera (after Schumann) : 
I. BIGNONIEAE (ovary completely 2-loc., compressed || sep- 
tum, or cylindrical; capsule septifragal, with winged seeds; 
usually tendrillate) : Glaziovia, Bignonia. 
II. TECOMEAE (ovary 2-loc., compressed _L septum or cylin- 
drical; capsule loculicidal with winged seeds; rarely ten- 
drillate): Incarvillea, Jacaranda, Catalpa, Tecoma. 
III. ECCREMOCARPEAE (ovary i-loc. ; capsule splits from 
below upwards; seeds winged; tendrils): Eccremocarpus 
(only gen.). 
IV. CRESCENT/E AE (ovary i- or 2-loc.; fruit berry or dry 
indehiscent ; seeds not winged ; usually erect plants) : 
Crescentia, Phyllarthron. 
V. TO UR RE TTIEAE (ovary 4-loc. ; hooked capsule) : Tour- 
rettia (only gen.). 
The order is placed in Personales by Benth. -Hooker, in Personatae 
by Eichler (Warming). 
Billardiera Sm. Pittosporaceae. 8 sp. Austr. 
Billbergia Thunb. Bromeliaceae (1). 40 sp. trop. Am. Epiphytes. 
Biophytum DC. Oxalidaceae. 20 sp. trop. B. sensitivum DC. has 
pinnate leaves, sensitive to contact (cf. Mimosa). When touched the 
leaflets bend downwards. The seed has an explosive aril (cf. Oxalis); 
the capsule spreads out flat when it dehisces and thus allows the seeds 
to escape easily. 
Biota D. Don. = Thuja Linn, (all sp. of B. =T. orientalis). 
Biscutella Linn. Cruciferae (11. 5). 12 sp. Eur. 
Biserrula Linn. Leguminosae (in. 6). 1 sp. Medit. The frt. is very 
like a centipede, and it has been suggested that birds are deceived by 
it and carry it to a distance before discovering their mistake. 
Bismarckia Hildebr. et H. Wendl. Palmae (11. 3). 1 sp. Madag. 
Included in Medemia in Nat. Pfl. 
Bixa Linn. Bixaceae. 1 sp., B. Orellana L., trop. Am. Cultivated 
all over the Tropics for its seed. The outer layer of the testa is red 
and fleshy; the orange-yellow colouring matter (annatto, arnotto, &c.) 
is used in dyeing sweetmeats &c. 
Bixaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Parietales). 4 gen. with 19 sp., 
trop. Small trees or shrubs, sometimes with tuberous underground 
stem; leaves alt., stipulate, usually large and lobed. Schizogenous 
mucilage canals are present in the tissues, and resin cells in the leaf 
parenchyma in most sp. Firs, in panicles, £ , regular. K 4 — 5, 
imbricate; C 4 — 5, imbricate or convolute; A 00, sometimes united at 
base, the anthers usually opening by short slits or pores; G (2 — 5), 
i-loc. with parietal placentae, or more or less completely multi-loc. by 
union of the placentae in the centre. Ovules os, anatropous. Style 
