282 
CACTACEAE 
thorns present ; flr. rotate) : Opuntia, Nopalea (only 
genera). 
III. PERESKIOIDEAE (habit of ordinary plant, with flat 
leaves and panicles of firs. ; no barbed thorns) : Pereskia 
(only genus). 
[Placed in Ficoidales by Benth.-Hook.; Cactiflorae by Warming.] 
For further details of this interesting order see pp. 167, 188, and 
refer to genera. See also Goebel, Pflanzenb. Sch. and in Flora 1895, 
Ganong in Flora 1894, Bot. Gaz . 1895, Ann . Bot. 1898, Schumann 
in Nat. PJl. and Gesa m mtbesch reibung der Kakteen , 1897-99, and 
Vochting in Pringsh. Jahrb. 1894. Euphorbia and Stapelia should 
also be carefully compared with the Cacti. 
Cactiflorae. The 7th cohort of Choripetalae (Eichler, Warming, p. 138). 
Cadaba Forsk. Capparidaceae (ill). 14 sp. palaeotrop. The disc is 
prolonged posteriorly into a long tube, and both androphore and 
gynophore are present. 
Cadia Forsk. Leguminosae (ill. 1). 4 sp. E. Afr., Madag., Arabia. 
Fir. almost reg. with free sta. 
Caesalpinia Linn. Leguminosae (n. 7). 40 sp. trop. and subtrop., 
often hook climbers. The pods of C. bondncella Fleming (nickar) 
are frequently brought to Europe by the Gulf Stream. Those of 
C. coriaria Willd. (divi-divi) are imported from S. Am. and W. Ind. 
for tanning. C. sappan L. (Indo-mal., cultivated for the purpose in 
Ceylon, &c.) and several Brazilian sp. yield a red dye from the wood 
(sappan, Brazil, or peach wood). C. pule her rima Sw. (peacock flr., 
Barbados pride) is cultivated for its showy firs. 
Caesia R. Br. Liliaceae (in). 10 sp. Austr., S. Afr. 
Caiophora Presl. = Blumenbachia Schrad. 
Cajanus DC. Leguminosae (hi. 10). 1 sp. trop. Afr., As. C. indiens 
Spreng. the dhal, pigeon pea, or Congo pea, very extensively cultivated 
in India and other warm countries for its seeds or pods, used like 
ordinary peas. 
Cakile Linn. Cruciferae (n. 8). 4 sp. Eur., N. Am., Medit., W. Ind. 
C. maritima Scop., the sea-rocket, in Brit. It has fleshy leaves, and 
the shoots are prostrate (p. 186). The tap root is very long. 
Caladenia R. Br. Orchidaceae (4). 30 sp. Austr., N. Z. The la- 
bellum in some sp. is irritable (cf. Pterostylis, and see Darwin, 
Orchids , p. 90). 
Caladium Vent. Araceae (vi). 10 sp. trop. S. Am., often cultivated 
for their large variegated leaves. 
Calamagrostis Adans. Gramineae (vin). 130 sp. temp., 3 in Brit. 
Calamintlia (Tourn.) Lam. Labiatae (vi. n). 40 sp. N. temp., and 
trop. Mts., 3 in Brit, (basil, calamint). Firs, often gynodioecious. 
Calamus Linn. Palmae (in). 200 sp. trop. As., Air., Austr. They 
are mostly leaf-climbers with thin reedy stems. In some sp. there 
are hooks on the back of the mid-rib, but the more common type of 
