CALL! LEPIS 
2 b 
leaf is one in which the pinnae at the outer end of the leaf are repre- 
sented by stout spines pointing backwards (cf. Desmoncus). The 
leaf shoots almost vertically out of the bud up among the surrounding 
vegetation, and the hooks take hold. The stem often grows to 
immense lengths (500 — 600 ft.) ; the plants are very troublesome in 
tropical forests because the hooks catch in clothes, &c. The stripped 
stems are largely used, under the name of rattan canes, for making 
chair bottoms, baskets, cables, &c. Other genera of rattans are 
Daemonorops, Korthalsia, Plectocomia (Ridley in Straits Bull. 11. 
1903, 129). 
Calandrinia H. B. et K. Portulacaceae. 80 sp. Chili to Vancouver, and 
Austr. The firs, close very quickly in absence of sunlight. 
C3danthe R. Br. Orchidaceae (15). 80 sp. trop. There are 8 pollinia, 
which if removed and re-introduced, strike the sloping sides of the 
rostellum and diverge into the stigmas. 
Calathea G. F. W. Mey. Marantaceae. 60 sp. trop. Am., and 2 
W. Afr. The staminode (3 (see order) is present in most sp. The 
tubers of C. Allouia Lindl. (topee tampo) are eaten like potatoes in 
the W. Ind. 
Calceolaria Linn. Scrophulariaceae (11. 4). 130 sp. S. Am., Mexico, 
N. Z. Many forms and hybrids are cultivated. 
Calcitrapa Hall. = Centaurea Linn. 
Caldesia Pari. =Alisma Linn. 
Calea Linn. Compositae (v). 65 sp. Am. 
Calendula Linn. Compositae (ix). 15 sp. Medit. C. officinalis L. 
(marigold) is commonly cultivated in gardens. An interesting “ hen- 
and-chickens ” variety is sometimes seen, in which each principal 
head is surrounded by a number of others, springing from the axils 
of the involucral bracts. The disc florets are c? , ray florets ? . Three 
kinds of fruit occur ; many biological meanings have been forced into 
this fact, but in reality nothing is known as to its meaning. 
Calepina Adans. Cruciferae (8). 1 sp. Eur., Medit. 
Calibanus Rose. Liliaceae. I sp. Cent. Am. A xerophyte with 
remarkable tuber and a few grass-like leaves. 
Caliphruria Herb. Amaryllidaceae (1). 4 sp. S. Am. Sta. with 
stipular appendages (see order). 
Calla Linn. Araceae (ill) . 1 sp. C. palustris L., N. Eur. Firs. £ 
with perianth, borne once in two years. For C . aethiopica L. see 
Richardia africana. 
Calliandra Benth. Leguminosae (1. 1). 100 sp. trop. and subtrop. 
Am., As. 
Calliantliemum C. A. Mey. Ranunculaceae (2). 1 sp. Mts. of Eur., 
and Cent. As. See Bot. Mag. t. 7603, 1898. 
Callicarpa Linn. Verbenaceae (iv). 30 sp. trop. and subtrop. 
Callicoma Andr. Cunoniaceae. 2 sp. E. Austr. 
Calligonum Linn. Polygonaceae (11. 3). 20 sp. N. Afr., W. As. 
Callilepis DC. Compositae (iv). 3 sp. S. Afr. 
