CANELLACEAE 
289 
(see Engler in Ann . Bot. t8, T904, p. 539, and cf. p. 146). Like 
Campanula, but usually 6-merous, and with edible berry fruit. 
Canarium (Rumph.) Linn. Burseraceae. 80 sp. trop. As., Afr. 
C, commune L. is said to furnish the resin known as Manila Elemi 
(see Bursera). C. strictum Roxb. (Malabar) and other sp. furnish 
some of the black dammar of commerce (cf. Agathis). 
Canavalia DC. Leguminosae (ill. 10). 12 sp. trop. C. ensiformis DC. 
the sword or sabre bean of Ind. and Ceylon, or overlook of the 
W. Ind., is cultivated and eaten like scarlet runners. C. obtusifolia 
DC. is a common shore plant of the tropics (pp. 169, 191). 
Candollea Labill. in Ann. Mus. Par. 1805 ( — Stylidium Sw. ; for C. of 
Labill. in Nov. Holl. PI. 1806, see Hibbertia). Candolleaceae. 
85 sp. Austr., N. Z., E. As. C. adnata F. Muell. is often found in 
greenhouses. It has an irritable gynostemium. Upon the smallest 
of the corolla segments is a swollen nectary. In the newly opened 
fir. the gynostemium stands erect. Then it bends downwards till it 
lies upon the nectary, and the anthers dehisce ; the stigma faces 
upwards. The tension of the tissues (the phenomenon is a case of 
strongly marked nutation) now changes sides, but the gynostemium 
is prevented from moving by the sticky nectary, until a considerable 
strain is set up. In this condition a slight touch, e.g. by an insect, 
suffices to free it and it springs violently over, striking the visitor with 
the stigma and also throwing over it a shower of pollen. The peri- 
odic movements go on for some time and may be compared to those 
of the leaflets of Desmodium. 
Candolleaceae ( Stylidiaceae ). Dicotyledons (Sympet. Campanulatae). 
3 gen. with 100 sp. Austr., N. Z., trop. As., S. Am. Small herbs or 
undershrubs, more or less xerophytic, without latex. Leaves simple, 
exstip., almost grass-like, often forming a radical rosette with firs, on 
a scape. Successive rosettes may be separated by a very slightly 
leafy piece of stem. Rosettes sometimes almost bulbous, with aerial 
roots. Firs, in racemes or cymes, g or unisexual, usually zygo- 
morphic. K 5 or (5), the odd sepal posterior; C (5), the anterior 
petal ( labellum ) often different from the rest. Of the 5 sta. only the 
2 posterior lateral ones are developed, and these are united with the 
style to form a gynostemium (cf. Orchids, Asclepiads, &c.); anthers 
extrorse. G (2), usually 2-loc., but occasionally the posterior loc. is 
aborted. Fruit a capsule. Seed with fleshy endosperm. Genera: 
Phyllachne, Levenhookia, Candollea. [Placed in Campanales by 
Benth.- Hooker, in Campanulinae by Warming.] 
Canella P. Br. ( Winterana L.). 2 sp. W. Ind., trop. Am. C, alba 
Murr. yields Canella bark, used as a tonic and stimulant. 
Canellaceae ( Winteranaceae). Dicotyledons (Archichl. Parietales). 
4 gen. with 7 sp. “ One of the best examples of discontinuous 
distribution of old families” (p. 146). 2 gen. with a few sp. in S. Am. 
and W. Ind., 1 (monotypic) in Madag. and 1 (also monolypic) in 
V/. 1 9 
