290 
CANELLACEAE 
E. Afr.” (Warburg). Trees with alt., leathery, entire, exstip., gland- 
dotted leaves. Firs, solitary or in racemes or cymes, $ , regular, 
K 3, imbricate; C 4 — 12 free or united; Ago, hypogynous, com- 
pletely united into a tube, with extrorse anthers; G (2 — 6), 1 loc., 
with 2 -go semi-anatropous ovules on each parietal placenta. Berry. 
Embryo straight or slightly curved in rich endosperm. Genera : 
Canella, Cinnamodendron, Warburgia, Cinnamosma. [Placed in 
Parietales by Benth. -Hooker, in Cistiflorae by Eichler.] 
Canephora Juss. Rubiaceae (1. b. 8). 1 sp. Madagascar. Firs, in 
clusters at the top of a phyllodineous stalk with a 2-lobed calyculus. 
Canna Linn. Cannaceae. Over 40 sp. mostly trop. and subtrop. Am. , 
but C. indica L. cosmopolitan trop. Many species, in variously 
coloured handsome varieties and hybrids, are in cultivation, the 
plant being very popular. C. indica (Indian shot) is the basis of 
most of these. The habit is like that of Zingiberaceae or Maranta- 
ceae, but C. can be distinguished even when not in fir. by their 
possessing neither the ligule of the former nor the pulvinus of the 
latter. The infl. is terminal, and usually composed of 2-flowered 
cincinni. The two firs, are homodromous, but the bracteole is to the 
right in one and to the left in the other (behind one or other of the 
two lateral sepals in the diagram). Fir. $ , asymmetric, epigynous. 
K 3, C (3). The androeceum is the most conspicuous part of the 
fir. There is a leafy sta. bearing half an anther on one edge, and 
a number of petaloid structures round it, usually 3 but sometimes 1 
or 4. One of these is the labellum (not equivalent to that of 
Zingiberaceae), and is rolled back on itself outwards. The other 
two are often termed the wings (a £ in diagram). When a fourth 
staminode (7, cf \ Marantaceae) is present it 
stands behind the fertile sta. Other sp. have 
only the labellum. The ovary is inferior, of 
3 cpls. with a petaloid style, 3-loc. ; ovules in 
2 rows in each loc., anatropous. Fruit a 
capsule, usually warty. Seed with perisperm 
and straight embryo. 
As to the morphological explanation of the 
androeceum, there are two views. Eichler 
(Bliitendiag. I. p. 174) regards the labellum as 
a lateral sta. of the inner whorl, and the fertile 
sta. together with all the staminodes as the 
posterior sta. of the same whorl ; the other sta. 
of the inner, and all the sta. of the outer, 
wdiorl are wanting. The older view looks upon 
/ 3 , 7, as the 2 posterior sta. of the outer whorl, 
and the labellum, a, and the fertile sta. as the 3 sta. of the inner 
whorl. (Cf. this fir. with those of Musaceae, Zingiberaceae and 
Marantaceae.) 
Floral diagram of 
Canna indica (after 
Eichler). The bracteole 
is omitted. S= petaloid 
style; L = labellum; a/3 
= staminodes. 
