CAPPARIDA CEAE 
292 
Capparidaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Rhoeadales). 35 gen. with 
300 sp., trop. and warm temp. Many are xerophytes, with reduced, 
often with inrolled, leaves (cf. Empetrum). Herbs or shrubs, with 
alt. simple or palmate leaves, often with stipules (these are frequently 
represented by thorns or glands). Firs. $ , regular, usually in ra- 
cemes, bracteate but without bracteoles. The perianth resembles 
that of Cruciferae (K 2 + 2, C 4 diagonal), but great variety occurs in 
the androeceum. In some sp. of Cleome there are 4 sta. in two 
whcrls, but elsewhere there are more. Some sp. of Cleome &c. show 
tetradynamous sta. In others, still further branching of the median 
sta. occurs and usually the posterior sta. is more branched than the 
anterior. Staminody of some of the branches is frequent. Cpls. 
typically (2), transverse as in Cruciferae, with parietal placentae but 
without a replum. In many sp. of sub-order III the number rises to 
10 or 12 by the addition of a second whorl of cpls. and by dedouble- 
ment. Ovules 00, campylotropous. 
A further complication is introduced by the presence of axial 
effigurations &c. in the firs. Thus a disc may occur between perianth 
and sta. (usually thicker at the posterior side), or a gynophore between 
sta. and ovary, or both may occur. Or the disc may grow up in the 
centre to form an androphore on which the sta. are borne and above 
them there may be a gynophore also. From the disc there often 
grow out structures of various shapes and sizes ; these may be scales 
quite free from one another, or, as in Cadaba &c., may be united 
into a tubular structure. Or the scales may, as in Steriphoma &c., 
alternate with and be joined to the sepals. 
The fruit is a siliqua (with replum), nut, berry or drupe. Seed 
exalbuminous with embryo folded in various ways as in Cruciferae. 
The floral mechanisms are much in want of study. Few of the order 
are useful: see Capparis &c. For further details see Pax in Nat. PJi. 
from which the above account is condensed. 
Classification and chief genera (after Pax): 
A. Glandular annuals. Siliqua with replum. 
I. CLEOMOIDEAE : Cleome, Polanisia. 
B. Mostly shrubs, with hairs or scales, rarely glandular. No 
replum. 
II. DIETER YGIOIDEAE (samara): Dipterygium (only 
genus). 
III. CAPPARIDOIDEAE (berry) : Capparis, Cadaba, 
Maerua. 
IV. R 0 YDSIOIDEA E (drupe) : Roydsia. 
C. Prostrate undershrubs. Calyx tube present. Petals (2). Nut. 
V. EMBLINGIOIDEAE: Emblingia (only genus). 
[Placed in Parietales by Benth. -Hooker, Rhoeadinae by Warming.] 
Capparis (Tourn.) Linn. Capparidaceae (ill). 150 sp. trop. and sub- 
trop. (exc. N. Am.). Many sp. climb by aid of recurved stipular 
