CARA IP A 
293 
thorns. The fir. -buds of C . spinosa L. (Medit.) are well known as 
capers (cf. Eugenia). 
Capraria (Tourn.) Linn. Scrophulariaceae (ill. 10). 4 sp. trop. and 
sub-trop. Am. 
Caprificus Gasp. = Ficus Tourn. 
Caprifoliaceae. Dicotyledons (Sympet. Rubiales). 11 gen. with 230 
sp. temp, (chiefly N.) and on trop. Mts. Mostly trees and shrubs with 
decussate usually exstip. leaves (see Sambucus). Firs, g , regular or 
zygomorphic, in cymes, usually 5 -merous with the odd sepal posterior. 
Sta. in one whorl, epipetalous. G (2 — 5), multiloc. with 1 — 00 pen- 
dulous ovules in each loc. Fruit usually a berry or drupe (capsule in 
Diervilla). Embryo small in fleshy endosperm. 
Classification and genera (after Fritsch): The C. were separated 
from Rubiaceae, before the tropical forms of R. were well known, 
chiefly on the ground of their different habit and their want of stipules. 
The former distinction only divides the C. from the European R. and 
the latter is vitiated by the fact that Sambucus possesses stipules. It 
has lately been proposed to split off this genus (y.z>.) as an inde- 
pendent order, and to unite the remaining C. to Rubiaceae. The 
genus Adoxa, placed in C. by Benth. -Hooker, is now erected into an 
independent order Adoxaceae (< q.v .). 
1. Sambuceae (leaf pinnate; anthers extrorse): Sambucus. 
2. Viburneae (leaf simple or lobed ; anther introrse ; all loc. 
i-ovuled) : Viburnum, Triosteum. 
3. Linnaeeae (do., but 2 loc. many-ovuled): Symphoricarpus, 
Abelia, Dipelta, Linnaea. 
4. Lonicereae (do., but all loc. many-ovuled) : Alseuosmia, Loni- 
cera, Diervilla, Leycesteria. 
[Placed in Rubiales by Benth. -Hooker and Warming.] 
Caprifolium Tourn. ex Linn. =Lonicera Linn. 
CapseUa Medic. Cruciferae (iv. 14). 4 sp. N. temp. C. Bursa-pas (oris 
Medic, (shepherd’s purse) abounds in Brit, and is established as a 
weed all over the world. The small firs, fertilise themselves. In 
early spring and late autumn the sta. are often more or less aborted. 
The leaves vary much in shape and degree of division in various 
situations. Solms (Bot. Zeit . 1900, p. 167) describes C. Heegeri , 
a new form which has an elongated fruit, but which has arisen from 
the shepherd’s purse, and is almost generically distinct. 
Capsicum (Tourn.) Linn. Solanaceae (11. 4). 30 sp. Cent, and S. Am., 
1 in Japan. C . annuum L. is largely cultivated ; its fruits are the 
familiar chillies or red peppers, and when dried and ground they form 
Cayenne pepper. Other sp. are used in the same way. (See Irish 
in Rep. Miss. Bot. Gdn ., 1898, for revision of cultivated forms.) 
Caragana Lam. Leguminosae (in. 6). 20 sp. Cent. As., China. 
Caraguata (Plum.) Lindl. Bromeliaceae (4). 25 sp. S. Am. 
Caraipa Aubl. Guttiferae (1). 12 sp. trop. S. Am. They yield a 
