296 
CARLUDOVICA 
thin strips and bleached, form the material of which Panama hats are 
made. 
Carmichaelia R. Br. Leguminosae (in. 6). 20 sp. N. Z. and 1 on 
Lord Howe's I. Xerophytes with flattened green stems (phylloclades, 
see p. 166) and no green leaves (cf. Bossiaea). 
Carolinea Linn. f. = Pachira Aubl. 
Caroxylon Thunb. = Salsola Linn. 
Carpacoce Sond. Rubiaceae (11. 17). 4 sp. S. Afr. 
Carpentaria Torr. Saxifragaceae (hi). 1 sp. Calif. Like Philadelphia, 
but ovary superior; sta. 00, cpls. 5 — 7. 
Carpesium Linn. Compositae (iv). 8 sp. S. Eur., As. 
Carpha Banks et Soland. Cyperaceae (1). 4 sp. Austr., S. Am., 
S. Afr., N. Z. 
Carphephorus Cass. Compositae (11). 5 sp. E. U. S. 
Carpinus Linn. Betulaceae. 12 sp. N. temp. C. Betulus L. in Brit, 
(hornbeam). The young leaves hang downwards as the young shoot 
expands. The ? catkins are terminal on long shoots, the c? are them- 
selves short shoots. In the axil of each scale of the latter are 4 — 10 
sta. each split almost to the base. No bracteoles are present, so that 
it is doubtful how many firs, of the possible 3 (see order) are repre- 
sented. In the ? there are the 2 lateral firs, with all 6 bracteoles. 
On the top of the 2-loc. ovary is a small perianth. The fruit is a 
1 -seeded nut with a 3-lobed leafy wing on one side, whose centre 
lobe corresponds to the bract a or j3, the lateral lobes to the bracteoles 
a', fi'; these unite and grow large after fertilisation. The hornbeam is 
very like the beech in habit, but the leaves are not shiny. The 
timber is not much used. 
Carpoceras Link. =Thlaspi Tourn. 
Carpodinus R. Br. ex Sabine. Apocynaceae (1. 1). 50 sp. trop. Afr. 
Rubber is obtained by grating and boiling from the rhizomes of 
C. lanceolatus K. Sch. or other sp. (cf. Clitandra and see Bot. 
Centr . 72, p. 116). 
Carpolobia G. Don. Polygalaceae. 6 sp. trop. W. Afr. 
Carpolyza Salisb. (Hessea Berg.). Amaryllidaceae (1). 4 sp. S. Afr. 
Carponema Eckl. et Zeyh. Cruciferae (1. 3). 4 sp. S. Afr. 
Carpopogon Roxb. = Mucuna Adans. 
Carrichtera Adans. Cruciferae (11. 9). 1 sp. Medit. 
Carthamus (Tourn.) Linn. Compositae (xi). 20 sp. Medit., Afr., As. 
C. tinctorius L. is the safflower, largely cultivated in Asia, &c. ; its 
firs, are used in dyeing ; powdered and mixed with talc they form rouge. 
Cartonema R. Br. Commelinaceae. 6 sp. trop. Austr. 
Carum Rupp, ex Linn. (incl. Bunium Linn., Petroselinum Iloffm.). 
Umbelliferae (5). 60 sp. temp, and sub-trop. 3 in Brit., of which 
C. Carvi L. is cultivated for its fruits (caraway seeds). C. Petrose - 
linum Benth. and Hook. f. (P. sativum Iloffm.) is the common 
parsley. 
