CAR YOPHYLLA CEAE 
297 
Carya Nutt. Juglandaceae. 10 sp. N. Am , the hickory trees, culti- 
vated for their wood, which is very tough and elastic, and for the 
edible fruit (pecans, like walnuts). 
Caryocar Linn. Caryocaraceae. 10 sp. trop. Am. The wood is very 
durable and is used in ship-building. The fruit is a large 4-seeded 
drupe; the seeds are the Souari- or Butter-nuts of commerce, 
Caryocaraceae [Rhizoboleae). Dicotyledons (Archichl. Parietales). 2 
gen. with 13 sp. trop. Am. Trees and shrubs with ternate opp. or 
alt. leaves with deciduous stipules. Firs. 2 in racemes. K (5 — 6), 
C (5 — 6), A 00, united into a ring or in 5 bundles. Ovary free, 
superior, 4- or 8 — 20-loc. with as many styles. 1 ovule in each loc. 
Fruit usually a drupe with oily mesocarp, and woody endocarp which 
splits into 4 mericarps ; sometimes a leathery schizocarp. Little or 
no endosperm. Getzera: Anthodiscus, Caryocar. Placed in Tern- 
stroemiaceae by Benth.- Hooker. 
Caryophyllaceae (incl. Illecebraceae or Paronychiaceae , and Scleranth - 
aceae). Dicotyledons (Archichl. Centrospermae). About 60 gen. 
with 1300 sp. cosmop. Many in Brit. Most are herbs, a few under- 
shrubs, with opposite simple usually entire leaves, often stipulate ; the 
stem often swollen at the nodes, the branching dichasial. The 
infl. usually terminates the main axis and is typically a dichasial 
cyme, but both in the vegetative region and in the infl., of the two 
branches arising at any node, one (that in the axil of /3) tends to out- 
grow the other and after two or three branchings the weaker one 
often does not develope at all, so that a cincinnus arises. The whole 
infl. is very characteristic, and such an one is often called a caryo- 
phyllaceous infl. (p. 64). 
The firs, are $ and regular, but often not isomerous. As a type, 
the formula of Lychnis may serve : K (5), C 5, A 5 + 5, G (5), with 
free central placenta, unilocular. Ovules usually 00, in double 
Floral diagrams of (1) S He tie injlata and (2) Paronychia sp. (after Eichler), 
showing the ordinary type of flr. in Silenoideae and the most reduced type of 
Alsinoideae ; a /3 = bracteoles. 
rows corresponding to the cpls., rarely few or 1 (Paronychieae), 
usually campylotropous. In most cases the flr. is obdiplostemonous 
as may be recognised by the cpls. (when 5) being opposite the petals. 
