COPAIFERA 335 
Infl. dichasial with tendency to cincinnus or bostryx; bracts and 
bracteoles present. 
Fir. g , regular, hypogynous, usually 5-merous. K usually poly- 
sepalous, imbricate, the odd sepal posterior ; C sympetalous, of various 
shapes, usually induplicate-valvate, sometimes convolute; sta. 5, 
alternating with pets., epipetalous, on base of corolla, with usually 
introrse anthers. Ovary on a honey-secreting disc, of 2 cpls. (rarely 
3 — 5)> syncarpous with axile placentae; ovules 2 in each loc. (rarely 4), 
erect, anatropous or semi-anatropous, the micropyle facing outwards 
and downwards; one integument. Berry, nut or capsule; seeds 
albuminous. 
The firs, are usually large and brightly coloured and are visited by 
insects. Extra-floral nectaries are found in many sp. on the petiole. 
Few are of economic value except for their handsome firs, (see Ipomoea). 
The C. are closely related to Solanaceae, Boraginaceae and other 
Tubiflorae. See Nat . PJl. and esp. note by Engler at p. 1 of art. C. 
Classification and Chief Genera (after Peter) : 
I. CONVOLVULOIDEAE (independent green plants) : 
1. Dicho 7 idreae (ovary usually divided, with 2 gynobasic styles ; 
fruit like Labiatae): Dichondra, Falkia (only genera). 
2. Dicranostyleae (ovary not divided; styles 2, or 1 bifid; flr. 
5-merous) : Dicranostyles, Evolvulus. 
3. Hildebrandtieat (as 2, but 4-merous; 2 outer sepals large in 
fruit, united to peduncle) : Hildebrandtia (only gen.). 
4. Convolvuleae (as 2, but style undivided) : Porana, Ipomoea, 
Convolvulus. 
5. Erycibeae (style very short; corolla lobes deeply bifid; 
berry; one seed): Erycibe (only genus). 
II. CUSCUTOIDEAE (leafless saprophytes; embryo without 
cotyledons): Cuscuta (only genus). 
[Placed in Polemoniales by Benth. -Hooker, in Tubiflorae by 
Warming.] 
Convolvulus (Tourn.) Linn. Convolvulaceae (1. 4). 160 sp. chiefly 
temp. C. arvensis L. in Brit, (bindweed). It has sweetly scented 
firs, which are much more often visited by insects than the large but 
scentless firs, of Calystegia sepiurn . Smaller firs, with short sta. 
appear on some stocks; these appear to be due to the action of a 
fungus (cf. Lychnis and see Beih. z. Bot . Centr ., 1893, p. 447). The 
root produces adventitious stem buds, by which vegetative multipli- 
cation takes place to a large extent. From incisions made in the 
rhizome of C . scammonia L. a resinous juice flows, which is used in 
medicine as a purgative (Scammony). 
Conyza Linn. Compositae (ill). 50 sp. temp, and subtrop. 
Cooperia Herb. Amaryliidaceae (1). 2 sp. Mexico, Texas. 
Copaiba Adans. = Copaifera Linn. 
Copaifera Linn. Leguminosae (11. 2). 16 sp. trop. Am., Afr. Several 
