358 
DIACALPE 
Diacalpe Blume. Polypodiaceae. i sp. trop. As. 
Dialium Linn. Leguminosae (n. 5). 9 sp. trop. Petals 2, 1, or o; 
sta. 2, or rarely 3. D. guineense Willd. (trop. Afr.) is the velvet 
tamarind; the pod is covered with a velvety down and contains an 
edible pulp. Its wood is useful and resists the action of salt water 
well. D. indum L. (Java) the tamarind plum, and others have also 
edible fruit. 
Dianella Lam. Liliaceae (ill). 11 sp. trop. As., Austr. 
Dianthera Gronov. Acanthaceae (iv. B). 70 sp. trop. Am. Included 
in Justicia in Nat. PJi. 
Dianthus Linn. Caryophyllaceae (1. 2). About 300 sp. Eur., As., 
Afr., N. Am., but esp. Medit., mostly in dry sunny situations (4 in 
Brit. — the Pinks). The genus is readily known by the bracts under 
the calyx. The firs, are very protandrous, and adapted to butterflies. 
D. barbatus L. is the Sweet William, and D. Caryophyllus L. is the 
parent form of the cultivated Carnation (p. 101). 
Diapensia Linn. Diapensiaceae. 2 sp., one Himal., the other, D. 
lapponica L., circumpolar boreal. It has a tufted habit, like so many 
alpine and arctic plants. The firs, are protogynous. 
Diapensiaceae. Dicotyledons (Sympet. Ericales). 6 gen. with 9 sp., 
N. Hemisph., chiefly alpine and arctic. They are evergreen under- 
shrubs, with rosettes of leaves ; the firs, solitary or in racemes, with two 
bracteoles, g , actinomorphic, without a disc. K (5) or 5, C (5) nearly 
polypetalous, A 5, epipetalous, opposite sepals, with frequently 5 
staminodes opp. petals; anthers transverse, each lobe opening by 
longitudinal slit ; pollen simple. G (3) with axile placentae bearing 
00 anatropous or amphitropous ovules; style simple with 3-lobed 
capitate stigma. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Embryo cylindrical, 
endosperm fleshy. Chief genei'a: Diapensia, Shortia, Galax. Placed 
in Ericales by Benth. -Hooker, in Bicornes by Warming. 
Diascia Link et Otto. Scrophulariaceae (11. 3). 22 sp. S. Afr. 
Dicentra Bernh. Papaveraceae (ill). 15 sp. As., N. Am. D. Cucul - 
laria Bernh. (Dutchman’s breeches) and other sp. are favourites 
in cultivation. The rhizome of many sp. (§ Cucullaria) resembles a 
succession of bulbs, on account of the fleshiness of the scale leaves and 
of the sheathing bases of the foliage leaves. The materials formed in 
the leaf during the growing season are stored up in the fleshy base, 
which survives the winter, while the rest of the leaf dies. The firs, 
are in racemes and pendulous. Each of the outer petals is developed 
into a large pouch at its base, and the sta. (here branched from the 
very base) follow the outer curve of the pouch. The inner petals are 
spoon-shaped and cohere at the tip, forming a hood which completely 
covers the anthers and stigma. The pendulous position and complex 
structure of the fir. render it specially suited to bees, which hang on 
to it and probe for honey first one side, then the other (the honey is in 
the pouches of the petals). In so doing they push aside the hood and 
