GILLIESIA 
403 
often bilobed. Fruit usually a capsule, splitting loculicidally into 
2 valves, each of which may again split into 2 ; sometimes (Ramondia) 
the capsule is septicidal, or opens only at the tip, or the fruit may be 
more or less fleshy or berry-like. Seeds small and numerous, with 
endosperm (§ 11) or without (most of § 1). Embryo straight. 
The flrs. are mostly protandrous ; their large size and bright colours 
indicate insect-fertilisation, but nothing is known about the details. 
Saintpaulia (y.z>.), Klugia, and others exhibit two types of floral 
symmetry on the same plant, the flrs. on the left side of the infl. 
being like the reflections of those on the right. 
The germination is interesting, especially in Streptocarpus 
The cotyledons are epigeal, and are usually thin, one being larger 
than the other and often growing subsequently to a considerable size : 
buds are often found in their axils. Anisophylly (p. 47) is very 
common, and usually alternately on one side and the other. 
None of the G. are economic plants; many are hothouse favourites. 
Classification and chief genera (after Fritsch) : 
“The relationships to allied orders, especially Scrophulariaceae, 
Orobanchaceae and Bignoniaceae, are so close that it is almost im- 
possible to draw the dividing lines. The B. are most sharply marked 
off by the structure and formation of their fruit and seed, and often 
by their divided leaves. The O. might very well be placed in G. as 
a parasitic sub-order. The placentation and structure of the ovary is 
the chief mark of distinction between the G., O., and S.” 
I. CYRTANDROIDEAE (ovary free, superior): Ramondia, 
Saintpaulia, Didymocarpus, Streptocarpus, Aeschynanthus, 
Besleria, Cyrtandra, Columnea. 
II. GESNERIOIDEAE (ovary more or less inferior) : Achi- 
menes, Isoloma, Gesneria. 
[Placed in Personales by Benth. -Hooker, in Personatae by Warming.] 
Gethyllis Plum, ex Linn. Amaryllidaceae (1). 9 sp. Cape Col. 
Geum Linn. Rosaceae (ill. 6 c). 36 sp. N. and S. temp., arctic. G . rivale 
L., the water avens, with a thick rhizome and large protogynous flrs. is 
frequent, and G. urbanum L., wood avens, with smaller nearly homoga- 
mous flrs., abundant in Brit. Both sp. with many others of the genus, 
have a hook on each achene of the fruit to aid in distribution. If 
the style be examined in a newly opened fir. it will be found to have a 
Z-like link in it. The lower half of this after fertilisation gets larger 
and more woody, while the upper half finally drops off (cf. p. 20). 
Ghiesbreghtia A. Gray. Scrophulariaceae (1. 1). 1 sp. Mexico. 
Gigantochloa Kurz. Gramineae (xm). 5 sp. Indo-mal. Giant bam- 
boos, used in Java, &c. for building. 
Gilia Ruiz et Pav. Polemoniaceae. 90 sp. temp, and subtrop. Am. 
Gilibertia Ruiz et Pav. Araliaceae. 20 sp. trop. Am., As., Japan, Chi. 
Gillenia Moench. Rosaceae (1. 1). 2 sp. N. Am. 
Gilliesia Lindl. Liliaceae (iv). 3 sp. Chili. 
26 — 2 
