HAASTIA 
4i7 
in which the ova are contained develope at the micropylar end. The 
ovule is now mature and consists of an integument, nucellus, and 
embryo-sac and its contents. 
In most Conifers the sporogenous tissue consists only of the cell 
which goes to form the embryo-sac. In the sac the same process 
goes on as in Cycads. 
In Ephedra the phenomena are very similar to those in Conifers ; 
in Gnetum several embryo-sacs are formed, and the division of the 
nucleus of the sac gives rise, not to a prothallus as in the cases above 
described, but to a number of free nuclei lying on the wall of the sac, 
and the male nuclei fuse with these, and from one of the fusions the 
endosperm arises. 
The whole question of the relationships of the G. is one of much 
difficulty. They are probably, unless the Cycads, offshoots from the 
main line of descent of the Angiosperms. (See Angiospermae, Cha- 
lazogamae, Pteridophyta, Cycadaceae, Coniferae, Ginkgo, and refer 
also to Chap. I. and to Campbell’s Mosses and Ferns , Nawaschin in 
Mini* de V Acad, des sc. de St Petersbourg, XLII. 1894 (reviewed in 
Bot. Centr . 62, p. 324), Coulter in Bot. Gaz. 26, 1898, p. 153, and 
other papers referred to in the articles quoted.) 
Gymnosporia Benth. et Hook. f. Celastraceae. 60 sp. trop. and sub- 
trop. esp. Afr. Many have branches modified into thorns. 
Gymnostachyum Nees. (Cryptophragmium Nees.) Acanthaceae (iv, b). 
15 sp. trop. As. 
Gymnostephium Less. Compositae (111). 6 sp. S. Afr. 
Gynandropsis DC. ( Pedicellaria Schrank.) Capparidaceae (i). 15 sp. 
trop. The seeds of G. pentaphylla DC. are used like mustard. 
Gynerium Humb. et Bonpl. Gramineae (x). 3 sp. trop. and warm 
temp. G. argenteum Nees is the Pampas grass, often cultivated as 
a show plant (commercially in Calif.). It is dioecious. 
Gynocardia R. Br. Flacourtiaceae. 1 sp. India, G. odorata Br., 
yielding Chaulmoogra oil, used medicinally, &c., in India. 
Gynostemma Blume. Cucurbitaceae (iv). 5 sp. trop. As., Polynes. 
Gynoxys Cass. Compositae (vm). 15 sp. Andes of trop. 
Gynura Cass. Compositae (vm). 25 sp. trop. As. and Afr. 
Gypsophila Linn. Caryophyllaceae (1. 2). 50 sp. Eur., As., esp. in 
E. Medit. region. The firs, are shorter in the tube than those of 
most Silenoideae, and are in consequence visited by a greater variety 
of insects. 
Gyrinops Gaertn. Thymelaeaceae. 2 sp. Indo-mal. 
Gyrocarpus Jacq. Hemandiaceae (Combretaceae, Bentham- Hooker). 
1 sp. trop. formerly placed in Lauraceae, to which its sta. are remark- 
ably similar. The fruit is often mistaken for that of one of the 
Dipterocarpaceae. 
Gyrostemon Desf. Phytolaccaceae. 6 sp. Austr. 
Haastia Hook. f. Compositae (ill). 3 sp. N. Z., growing closely 
27 
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