/UNCUS 435 
Pterocarya, Juglans, Carya. [Placed in Unisexuales by Benth. - 
Hooker, in Juglandiflorae by Warming.] 
Juglandales. The 7th cohort of Dicotyledons (Archichl.). See p. 126. 
Juglandeae (Benth. -Hooker) =Juglandaceae. 
Juglandiflorae (Warming). The 3rd cohort of Choripetalae. Seep. 137. 
Juglans Linn. Juglandaceae. 8 sp. N. temp. f. regia L. is the 
walnut. The S hr. is ‘adnate’ to the bract and bracteoles and has 5, 
4, 3, or 2 perianth leaves; the lowest firs, have as many as 20 sta., 
the upper as few as 6. The fruit is a drupe, with a green fleshy 
exocarp, and a hard endocarp (the shell). The ‘boats’ into which 
the shell splits do not represent each a cpl. ; the splitting is down the 
midribs of the cpls. Within is the seed with its thin brown seed-coat. 
It is exalbuminous with a basal radicle and two large cotyledons, 
which are rendered irregular in shape by the presence of partial septa 
in the ovary. The flr. of J. has lately been shown to be chalazogamic 
(Nawaschin in Bot. Centr. 6 3, 1895; see art. Chalazogamae). 
The wood of the walnut is valued in cabinet-making, &c. ; the 
seeds yield an oil. Many varieties are cultivated for their fruit. 
Julocroton Mart. Euphorbiaceae (A. 11. 1). 20 sp. trop. Am. Firs, 
in spikes, the ? below, the above. 
Juncaceae. Monocotyledons (Liliiflorae). 7 gen. with 200 sp. in 
damp and cold places, temp, and frigid zones. They have usually a 
creeping sympodial rhizome, one joint of the sympodium appearing 
above ground each year as a leafy shoot. The stem does not often 
lengthen out above ground, except to bear the infl. The leaves are 
usually narrow, and occasionally centric in structure (Juncus). Infl. 
usually a crowded mass of firs, borne in cymes of various types, 
usually monochasial. Fir. £ , regular, wind-fertilised. Perianth 3 + 3, 
sepaloid, with the odd leaf of the inner whorl posterior; sta. 3 + 3 (or 
the inner wanting), anthers dehiscing laterally, pollen in tetrads; cpls. 
(3), forming a sup. ovary; placentae axile or parietal, with 00 or few 
anatropous ovules. Style simple, with 3 brush-like stigmas. Locu- 
licidal capsule. Embryo straight, in starchy endosperm. Chief 
genera: Prionium, Juncus, Luzula. [Placed in Calycinae by Benth.- 
Hooker, in Glumiflorae by Warming.] 
Juncaginaceae. Monocotyledons (Helobieae). 4 gen. with 10 sp., 
temp. Perennial marsh herbs of grass-like habit ; in the axils of the 
sheathing leaves are ‘ squamulae intravaginales ’ (cf. Potamogetona- 
ceae). Firs. g , in racemes, regular, greenish, wind-fertilised, protogy- 
nous. P 3 + 3, A 3 + 3, anthers extrorse; G 3 + 3 sometimes united, 
but the outer whorl is often abortive ; stigmas sessile ; 1 anatropous 
ovule in each cpl. Achenes or schizocarp. Seed exalbuminous; 
embryo straight. Chief genera: Triglochin, Scheuchzeria, Lilaea. 
The order is joined to Naiadaceae by Benth. -Hooker. 
Juncus (Tourn.) Linn. Juncaceae. 160 sp. cosmop. but chiefly in cold, 
wet places. 18 sp. of rush are found in Brit. Most sp. have a sym- 
