442 
LAMIUM 
sympodial rhizomes and large white homogamous humble-bee firs. 
Z. amplexicaule has cleistogamic firs, in spring and autumn; they 
look like ordinary buds with a small corolla, and are pollinated with- 
out opening (p. 98). 
Lampsana (Tourn.) Rupp. = Lapsana Linn. 
Landolphia Beauv. Apocynaceae (1. 1). 16 sp. trop. and S. Afr. 
Several are lianes with curious hook tendrils like those of Strychnos. 
The fruit is a large berry full of an acid pulp composed of the hair- 
structures on the seeds. Several sp. , eg . Z. Kirkii Dyer, Z. como- 
rensis Benth. et Hook, f., &c., yield indian-rubber, the latex, 
coagulated, which exudes from a wound. It is known in trade as 
African rubber. 
Langsdorffia Mart. Balanophoraceae. 1 sp. Z. hypogaea Mart., trop. 
Am. 
Lankesteria Lindl. Acanthaceae (iv. A). 4 sp. trop. W. Afr. 
Lantana Linn. Verbenaceae (11). 50 sp. trop. and sub-trop. Shrubs, 
often used for making hedges. Some have edible fruit. 
Lapageria Ruiz et Pav. Liliaceae (x). 1 sp. Chili, Z. rosea Ruiz et 
Pav., a climbing shrub with handsome firs, and edible fruit, often 
grown in greenhouses. 
Lapeyrousia Pourr. Iridaceae (ill). 22 sp. S. and trop. Afr. 
Laportea Gaudich. Urticaceae (1). 25 sp. trop. Many sting violently. 
Lappa (Toum.) Rupp. = Arctium Linn. 
Lapsana Linn. Compositae (xn). 9 sp. N. temp. Old World. Z. 
communis L., the nipplewort, is common in Brit. The firs, are 
inconspicuous and pollinate themselves regularly. There is no pappus. 
Lardizabala Ruiz et Pav. Lardizabalaceae. 2 sp. Chili. A tough 
fibre is got from the stems of Z. biternata Ruiz et Pav. 
Lardizabalaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Ranales). 7 gen. with 12 
sp. Himal. to Japan, and Chili. Mostly climbing shrubs with palmate 
leaves. Firs, in racemes, usually in the axils of the scale-leaves at 
the bases of the branches, polygamous or diclinous. The usual 
formula is P 3 + 3, A 3 + 3, G 3 or more. 2 whorls of small honey- 
leaves (see Ranunculaceae) often occur between perianth and sta. 
Sta. sometimes united; anthers extrorse. Ovules 00 in longitudinal 
rows on the lateral walls (cf. Nymphaeaceae), anatropous. The fir. 
of either sex shows rudiments of the organs of the other sex. Fruit a 
berry. Embryo small and straight, in copious endosperm. Chief 
genera: Decaisnea, Akebia, Lardizabala. Benth.-Hooker unite L. to 
Berberidaceae, to which and to Menispermaceae they are closely 
allied. Warming places L. in Polycarpicae. 
Larix Tourn. ex Adans. Coniferae (Arauc. ib; see C. for genus 
characters). 8 sp., five in Eur. and N. As., three in N. Am. The 
general characters are those of Cedrus, but the leaves are deciduous 
p. 154), and the cones ripen in a single year. Z. europaea DC. (Z. 
iecidua Mill.) is the common larch, cultivated on a large scale for its 
