LATHYRUS 
443 
wood, bark (used in tanning) and turpentine (Venice t.). Z. pendula 
Salisb. (Z. americana Michx.) is a common N. Am. sp. 
Larrea Cav. Zygophyllaceae. 4 sp. sub-trop. Am. Xerophytes. Z. 
mexicana Moric. (Mexico, &c.) is the creosote plant, which forms a 
dense scrub-vegetation and binds the drifting sand together. Its 
strong smell prevents it from being eaten by animals. 
Laserpitium Linn. Umbelliferae (9). 20 sp. Eur., N. Afr., As. 
Lasiandra DC. = Tibouchina Aubl. 
Lasianthera Beauv. Icacinaceae. 1 sp. trop. W. Afr. (Olacineae, 
Benth- Hooker). 
Lasianthus Jack. Rubiaceae (11. 15). 80 sp. E. As., Indo-mal., 
N. Austr. 
Lasiopetalum Sm. Sterculiaceae. 25 sp. Austr. 
Lasthenia Cass. Compositae (vi). 5 sp. W. Am. 
Lastrea Presl = Nephrodium Rich, (usually same spec, names). 
Latania Comm, ex Juss. Palmae (11. 3). 3 sp. E. Afr., Mascarenes. 
Lathraea Linn. Orobanchaceae. 5 sp. temp., Eur., As. Z. Sqita - 
maria L. in Brit, (tooth-wort). This sp. is a curious parasite living 
upon the roots of hazel, beech, &c. It has a thick rhizome bearing 
4 rows of tooth-like scaly leaves. The flowering shoot comes above 
ground and bears a raceme of purplish firs. The firs, are all bent 
round to the same side of the infl. (p. 66), and are protogynous. The 
scales upon the rhizome are curiously hollowed,' each containing a 
branched cavity opening to the outside by a narrow slit at the base of 
the back of the leaf. This arises by a development similar to that 
which forms the chambers in the leaves of Empetrum, Cassiope, 
&c. In the small lateral cavities opening out of the main one 
there are found peculiar glandular organs, resembling those of in- 
sectivorous plants (p. 177). Some are of two cells, forming a small 
head, upon a one-celled stalk; others are sessile, of 2 — 4 cells. From 
the surface of both kinds radiate hyaline threads, whose nature has 
caused much discussion. Some affirm them to be protoplasmic, 
others of waxy or even bacterial nature. Small insects &c. are often 
found in these leaves (cf. bladders of Utricularia, &c.) and it has been 
supposed that these organs absorb their proteid materials after the 
manner of the glands of Drosera, &c. This however is very doubtful, 
but it is quite possible that the plant may absorb the products of their 
decay. It seems probable that L. is able to some extent to nourish 
itself saprophytically. Another common sp. in Eur. is Z. Clandestina 
L., parasitic upon willows. The capsule of L. splits explosively. 
[For details see Heinricher in Site. k. Akad. Wien, Cl. 1892, Berichte 
D. Bot. Ges. 1893, 1895, and Cohn's Beitr . vii. (reviewed in Bot . 
Centr . 65, p. 307).] 
Lathyrus (Tourn.) Linn. (incl. Orobus Linn.). Leguminosae (in. 9). 
100 sp. N. temp., and Mts. of trop. Afr. and S. Am. 10 sp. in Brit, 
(pea), including Z. Aphaca L. and Z. Nissolia L. The former has 
