LINUM 
457 
Linaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Geraniales). 9 gen. with 120 sp., 
cosmop. Most are herbs and shrubs with alt. entire often stip. 
leaves. Infl. cymose, a dichasium or cincinnus, the latter usually 
straightening out very much and looking like a raceme (p. 65). Fir. 
regular, usually 5-merous. K5, quincuncial; C 5, imbricate or 
convolute; A 5, 10 or more, often with staminodes, united at base 
into a ring; G (2 — 3 — 5), multi-loc., often with extra partitions 
projecting from the midribs of the cpls., but not united to the axile 
placentae; ovules 1 or 2 per loc., pendulous, anatropous, with the 
micropyle facing outwards and upwards. Septicidal capsule, or drupe. 
Embryo usually straight, in fleshy endosperm. Linum (flax, linseed) 
is economically important. Chief genera: Radiola, Linum, Hugonia. 
[Placed in Geraniales by Benth. -Hooker (who unite Erythroxylaceae 
to L.), in Gruinales by Warming.] 
Linaria Tourn. ex Mill. (incl. Cymbalaria Medic., Elatine Rupp., Ela - 
tinoides Wettst.). Scrophulariaceae (11. 5). 125 sp. N. Hemisph. 
and S. Am., chiefly extra-trop. 7 in Brit, (toad-flax): L. vulgaris 
Mill, is the commonest (yellow toad-flax). The plant is a perennial, 
each year’s growth arising from an adventitious bud upon the summit 
of the root. The flr. is closed at the mouth ; honey is secreted by 
the nectary at the base of the ovary and collects in the spur. The 
only visitors are the larger bees, which are able to open the flr., ancL 
whose tongues are long enough to reach the honey. Peloria of the*- 
flr. is frequently observed; a terminal flr. appears upon the raceme 
and is symmetrical in structure, with 5 spurs upon the corolla and 
a tubular mouth. Sometimes firs, of this type occur all down the 
raceme. Another interesting sp. is Z. Cymbalaria Mill., the ivy- 
leaved toad-flax, found on walls in many parts of Brit. Before fertili- 
sation the firs, are positively heliotropic and stand erect; after it 
they become negatively heliotropic and bend downwards, seeking put 
the dark crannies in the substratum, where the seeds ripen. 
Lindelofia Lehm. Boraginaceae (iv. 1). 2 sp. Himal. 
Lindera Thunb. Lauraceae (11). 60 sp. Japan to Java and N. Am. 
Z. Benzoin Meissn. has aromatic bark (antifebrile). 
Lindemia All. =Vandellia Linn. 
Lindheimera A. Gray et Engelm. Compositae (v). 1 sp. Texas. 
Lindsaya Dryand. Polypodiaceae. 50 sp. chiefly trop. 
Lineae (Benth. - Hooker) = Linaceae. 
Linnaea Gronov. (excl. Abelia R. Br.) Caprifoliaceae (in). 1 sp. Eur. 
N. Am., Z. borealis L., which occurs in a few localities in Scotland. 
The ovary is covered with glandular hairs. Sta. 4, didynamous. 
Two loculi are 00 -ovulate and sterile, the other 1 -ovulate and fertile. 
Linociera Sw. ( Mayepea Aubl.). Oleaceae (1. 3). 50 sp. trop. 
Linum Tourn. ex Linn. Linaceae. 90 sp. temp, and sub-trop., esp. 
Medit. 4 in Brit., of which Z. catharticum L. (purging flax) is 
common, while Z. usitatissimum L. (common flax or linseed) is an 
