LINUM 
45 8 
introduction, it being very largely cultivated in Ireland and elsewhere. 
The firs, are in sympodial cincinni. Several sp. are heterostyled 
(dimorphic), e.g. the common red one of gardens, Z. grandiflorum 
Desf. Illegitimate pollination in this species produces absolutely 
no seed at all (p. 95). The seed has a mucilaginous testa which 
swells on wetting (p. 105). 
Flax is the fibre of Linum usitatissimum L., obtained by rotting 
off the softer tissues in water. The seeds (linseed) yield an oil 
by pressure, and the remaining ‘cake* (cf. Gossypium) is used for 
cattle-feeding, & c. 
Liparis Rich, (inch Cestichis Thou.). Orchidaceae (8). 100 sp. trop. 
and temp. (1 in Brit., rare). 
Lippia Houst. ex Linn. Verbenaceae (11). 100 sp. trop. Am., Afr. The 
leaves of Z. citriodora H. B. et K. yield an aromatic oil used in per- 
fumery under the name Verbena-oil. Some sp. have axillary thorns. 
Liquidambar Linn. Hamamelidaceae. 4 sp. As., N. Am. Firs, 
monoecious, apetalous, the male in upright spikes, the female in heads 
on pendulous stalks. The seeds are easily shaken out in strong winds. 
Storax (a fragrant balsam) is obtained from all the sp., but chiefly 
from Z. orieiitalis Mill. (As. min.). Z. styracijiua L. is the Sweet 
Gum of N. Am. Its wood is useful. 
Liriodendron Linn. Magnoliaceae (1). 1 sp. N. Am., Z. tnlipifera 
L., the tulip-tree, often cultivated in parks for its handsome firs. 
The leaf is polymorphic ( Bot . Jahresb. 1890, p. 414)- The fruit is a 
samara; the aggregate of samaras upon the receptacle looks much 
like a pine-cone. The wood is very useful. 
Lisianthus Linn. Gentianaceae (1. 2). 10 sp. W. Ind., Cent. Am. 
Lissochilus R. Br. Orchidaceae (16). 30 sp. trop. Afr. 
Listera R. Br. Orchidaceae (4). 10 sp. N. temp. Z. ovata R. Br. 
(tway-blade) and Z. cordata R. Br. in Brit. The labellum is bent 
downwards and forked into two. The rostellum on being touched 
ruptures violently and ejects a viscid fluid which cements the pollinia 
to the insect as in Epipactis (see Darwin, Orchids p. 115). 
Litchi Sonner. Sapindaceae (1). 1 sp. China, Z. chinensis Sonner., 
the Litchi or Leechee, largely cultivated for its edible fruit, a nut 
containing one seed surrounded by a fleshy aril. [Included in Nephe- 
lium (q.v.) by Benth.- Hooker.] 
Lithophragina Torr. et Gray = Tellima R. Br. 
Lithospermum (Tourn.) Linn. Boraginaceae (iv. 4). 40 sp. temp. ; 
3 in Brit, (gromwell.). 
Litsea Lam. Lauraceae (11). 100 sp. trop. As. Austr. 
Littonia Hook. Liliaceae (1). 2 sp. S. Afr. Like Gloriosa. 
Littorella Berg. Plantaginaceae. 2 sp., 1 in S. Am., and Z. lacusiris 
L. (shore-weed) in Eur. (inch Brit.). This plant exhibits two forms, 
one in water, another on land (p. 162). The land form has a rosette 
of narrow leaves about 3 cm. long, which spread out upon the ground 
