PAPAVERACEAE 
5 l 7 
Pangium Reinw. Flacourtiaceae. 2 sp. Indo-mal. The seeds of 
P. edule Reinw. are eaten after long soaking to dissipate the hydro- 
cyanic acid which they, like all parts of the plant, contain (see Treub 
in Ann. Buit . XIII. 1). 
Panicum Linn. Gramineae (v). 450 sp. trop. and warm temp. The 
spikelets are 1- or 2-flowered. Many P., known as millets, are im- 
portant cereals, extensively cultivated in India, S. Europe, &c., 
eg P. miliaceum L., the common millet, P. miliare Lamk., the 
little millet, and other minor sp. Many are important fodder plants, 
eg. P. maximum Jacq. (trop. ; Guinea grass), P. molle Sw. (trop. 
Am. ; Mauritius grass), P. Crusgalli L. (Am., nat. in Brit. ; the 
barnyard grass of the U.S.), P. sanguinale L. and others (crab or 
panic grasses of U.S.). Many are distributed by animals for the 
joints of the stem will grow after passing the alimentary canal. 
Papaver Tourn. ex Linn. Papaveraceae (11). 40 sp. Eur., As., 
S. Afr., Austr. P. Rhoeas L. and 3 others (poppy) in Brit. The 
firs, nod in bud, not by their own weight, but by more rapid growth 
of one side of the stalk. The ovary is crowned by a sessile rayed 
stigma, each lobe of which stands over a placenta instead of as usual 
over a midrib. This is commonly explained by supposing each actual 
ray of the stigma to be formed of one half of each of two adjacent 
stigmas. The fir. of most sp. contains no honey, and is homogamous; 
both cross- and self-pollination usually occur with insect visits. The 
fruit is a round capsule, opening by pores under the eaves of the roof 
formed by the dry stigmas, so that the seeds are well protected from 
rain and can^only escape when the capsule is shaken by strong winds 
or other agencies. P. somniferum L. is the opium poppy; the drug is 
obtained by cutting notches in the half ripened capsules, from which 
the latex exudes and hardens. The seeds of this and other sp. yield 
an oil on pressure. 
Papaveraceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Rhoeadales). 28 gen. with 
210 sp., chiefly N. temp. Most are 
herbs with alt. leaves, and sub-orders 
I. and II. contain latex. Corydalis 
and Fumaria are climbers, Bocconia 
a shrub. The firs, are solitary or in 
racemes, or in dichasia with cincin- 
nal tendency, regular or irregular, £ , 
hypogynous (exc. Eschscholtzia). K 2 
(united in Eschscholtzia), caducous ; 
C2 + 2, rolled or crumpled in bud 
(see Hypecoum) ; A 4 or 00 or 2 (see 
sub-orders) ; in the last case each sta. 
branches into 3 parts (see fig.), the 
centre one bearing an entire anther, Floral diagram of Corydalis cava 
the lateral ones each half an anther ; (after Eichler). 
