PAPAVERACEAE 
5i8 
G (2 — 8), i-loc. with parietal placentae, which in Papaver, & c. project 
into the loc. Ovules generally 00, anatropous or slightly campylotro- 
pous. Fruit a septicidal capsule, or one opening by pores, or a nut; 
seeds with oily endosperm, and small embryo. The firs, are mostly 
large and conspicuous, but many contain no honey and are visited 
by pollen-seeking insects ; they are often protandrous. Those of sub- 
order III. are irregular, and adapted to bees in a way somewhat like 
that found in Leguminosae. The order is of little economic value ; 
see Papaver. 
Classification and chief genera : 
I. HYPECOIDEAE (petals without spur; sta. 4; cpls. 2) : 
Hypecoum. 
II. PAPAVEROIDEAE (as I., but sta. 00 ; cpls. 2 — co): 
Eschscholtzia, Chelidonium, Glaucium, Papaver. 
III. FUMARIOIDEAE (petals with spur ; sta. 2, each branched 
into 3): Dicentra, Corydalis, Fumaria. 
Many authors, e.g. Warming, split off III. as a separate order, 
Fumariaceae. Benth. -Hooker place P. in Parietales; Warming places 
it in Rhoeadinae. 
Papayaceae (Warming) = Caricaceae. 
Pappea Eckl. et Zeyh. Sapindaceae (1). 2 sp. trop. and S. Afr. 
P • capensis E. et Z. is the ‘Wilde Preume* of S. Afr., with an edible 
fruit ; oil is obtained from the seeds, and the timber is useful. 
Papyrus Willd. = Cyperus Mich. P. antiquorum Willd.= C. Papyrus . 
Paracaryum Boiss. Boraginaceae (iv. 1). 35 sp. Medit. Orient. 
Paradisia Mazzuc. Liliaceae (in). 1 sp. Mts. of Eur. (p. 149), 
P. Liliastrum Bertol. The fir. is adapted to nocturnal moths. 
Paramignya Wight. Rutaceae (x). 6 sp. Indo-mal. 
Parietales. The 23rd. cohort (Engler) of Archichlamydeae (p. 130). 
The 2nd cohort (Benth. -Hooker) of Polypetalae (p. 133). 
Parietaria (Tourn.) Linn. Urticaceae. 7 sp. temp. (P. officinalis 
L ., pellitory, in Brit.). The firs, are mostly 5 (unlike most of the 
order), and stand in little cymes in the leaf axils. According to 
Eichler the first fir. is % , the bulk of the cyme $ , and the last firs. $ . 
The 5 firs, are exceedingly protogynous, the style protruding from the 
bud; the sta. develope later, exploding when ripe like those of the 
nettle, but by this time the stigma is incapable of fertilisation, and 
usually the style has dropped off altogether, so that at first glance the 
fir. looks as if it were male. 
Paris (Rupp.) Linn. Liliaceae (vii). 6 sp. temp., Old World. P. 
quadrifolia L. (herb-Paris) in Brit. There is a monopodial rhizome 
and an aerial stem with a whorl of 4 or more net-veined leaves ; the 
aerial stems are formed, not annually, but at irregular periods. Peri- 
anth 4- (or more) merous, as well as the other whorls; in herb-Paris 
the sepals alternate with the foliage-leaves. The firs, of this sp. are 
very protogynous, and their colours and scent attract flies. 
