PHRAGM1TES 
526 
cm. above the leaf-sheath are three transverse dents in the leaf 
(Teufelsbiss) ; these are due to pressure at the time when the rolled 
up blade is still 'in the sheaths of older leaves. 
Phryma Linn. Phrymaceae. 1 sp. As., N. Am. 
Phrymaceae. Dicotyledons (Sympet. Tubiflorae). Only genus 
Phryma; placed in Verbenaceae by Benth. -Hooker, but separated 
by Briquet in Nat. PJl . ; the chief distinction is the erect orthotropous 
ovule of P. ; no transitions occur between this and other Verbenaceae. 
Phrynium Loefl. Marantaceae. 20 sp. trop. As. and Afr. 
Phuopsis Benth. et Hook. f. Rubiaceae (n. 21). 1 sp. Caucasus. 
Firs, in heads, suited to Lepidoptera and bees. They are said to 
be explosive, the bud remaining closed and the style bursting out 
on contact with an insect. 
Phygelius E. Mey. Scrophulariaceae (11. 6). 1 sp. S. Afr. 
Phylica Linn. Rhamnaceae. 65 sp. S. Afr. and neighbouring Is. 
Mostly xerophytic shrubs, often of heath-like habit with leaves rolled 
back (cf. Empetrum). 
Phyllachne Forst. Candolleaceae. 9 sp. Austr., N. Z., S. Am. 
Phyllanthus Linn. Euphorbiaceae (A. 1. 1). 460 sp. temp, and trop., 
exc. Eur. and N. As. The sp. of the trop. Am. sub-genus Xylophylla 
have flat green phylloclades bearing the firs, on their margins. The 
ultimate shoots in the sub-genus Euphyllanthus look like pinnate 
leaves. In P. cyclanthera Baill. the S flr. has its 3 sta. united into a 
synandrium with a ring-like anther at the top. 
Phyllarthron DC. Bignoniaceae (iv). 6 sp. Madag., Mascarenes. 
The leaf is reduced to a jointed winged petiole. 
Phyllis Linn. Rubiaceae (11. 17). 1 sp. Canaries, Madeira (p. 148). 
Phyllocactns Link. Cactaceae (1). 13 sp. trop. Am., often epiphytic. 
Flat-stemmed plants (see order). 
Phyllocladus Rich. Coniferae (Taxaceae, 4; see C. for genus charac- 
ters). 3 sp. Tasm., N. Z., Borneo (celery pine). The ‘short shoots’ 
are represented by flat green leaf-like structures — phylloclades — 
whose stem-nature is easily recognised by their position in the axils 
of the scale leaves on the ‘long shoots.’ The edges of the phyllo- 
clades also bear scales. The firs, (mon- or di-cecious) occupy the 
position of phylloclades. Each cpl. has one axillary erect ovule. 
The seed has a small basal aril. The timber is useful : the bark of 
P. trichomanoides D. Don is used for tanning. 
Fhyllodoce Salisb. = Bryanthus S. G. Gmel. P. coerulea Bab. =B. 
taxifolius. 
Phylloglossum Kunze. Lycopodiaceae. 1 sp. P. Drummondii Kunze, 
Austr. and N. Z. The embryo forms a protocorm (see order), which 
produces a crown of sterile leaves and a short unbranched stem, 
bearing at its apex a single cone of sporangia, like the cone of Lyco- 
podium. “At the end of the growing season a new protocorm is 
formed. This arises directly from the apex of the old one where no 
