RHAMNACEAE 
557 
habit of a Juncus; below ground is a rhizome with scaly leaves, giving 
off erect cylindrical shoots bearing sheathing leaves (rarely with 
ligules), which have a short blade, or sometimes none at all, in which 
case assimilation is performed by the stem. Firs, dioecious (rarely 
monoecious or $ ), regular, in spikelets. Perianth in two whorls, but 
single members are often absent. Sta. 3 or 2, opp. to the inner 
perianth-leaves. Ovary superior, 1 — 3-loc., with 1 pendulous ortho- 
tropous ovule in each loc. Capsule or nut. Embryo lens-shaped, in 
mealy endosperm. Chief genus: Restio. Placed in Glumaceae by 
Benth. -Hooker, in Enantioblastae by Warming. See Nat . Pfl. for 
further details. 
Restrepia H. B. et K. Orchidaceae (12). 12 sp. trop. Am. 
Retinispora Sieb. et Zucc. = Thuya Linn., &c. Seedlings of many sp. 
of the genera Chamaecyparis, Cupressus, Thuya, &c., exhibit, instead 
of the decussate appressed leaves of the mature plant, spreading 
needle-leaves (often in whorls of 4) like those of Abies &c. (see p. 112 
and cf. Pinus, Acacia, &c.). If now these young seedlings be used as 
offsets, the new plants thus formed retain throughout life this form of 
foliage ; and plants are thus obtained of totally different habit from the 
ordinary habit of these genera. To these ‘seedling forms ’ the name R. 
was given. Many are found in gardens. The synonymy of the chief 
of these is as follows : R. decussata hort. = Thuya orientalis ; R. fili- 
fera F owles = Cupressus obtusa ; R. juniper oides Carr.= Thuya orien- 
talis; R. obtusa Sieb. et Zucc. = Cupressus obtusa; R. pisifera Sieb. 
et Zucc. = Cupressus pisifera ; R. recurvata hort. and R. rigida Carr. 
= Thuya orientalis ; R. squarrosa Sieb. et Zucc. and R. stricta hort. 
= Cupressus pisifera. For further synonymy see Index Kewensis . 
Rhagadiolus Tourn. ex Scop. (incl. Hedypnois Schreb. and Garhadiolus 
Jaub. et Spach). Compositae (xm). 8 sp. Medit., Orient. The 
fruit is linear and has no pappus, being completely enwrapped in an 
involucral bract. 
Rhamnaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Rhamnales). About 40 gen. 
with 500 sp., found in all districts suited to the growth of trees. 
Nearly all are trees or shrubs, often climbing (by aid of hooks in 
Ventilago, tendrils in Gouania &c., twining stems in Berchemia) : 
thorns occur in some, and especially in Colletia and its allies, to 
which a most peculiar habit is thereby imparted. In these plants too, 
serial buds occur in the leaf-axils. Leaves simple, usually with stipules, 
never lobed or divided. Infl. cymose, usually a corymb. 
Fir. inconspicuous, £ or rarely unisexual, regular, sometimes apeta- 
lous. Receptacle hollow, free from or united to the ovary. K 5 — 4, 
valvate; C 5 — 4, usually small, often strongly concave, frequently 
clawed at base. Sta. 5 — 4, alt. with sepals, usually enclosed by the 
petals, at any rate at first. Disc usually well developed, intra-stami- 
nal. Ovary free or more or less united to receptacle, 3 — 2- (rarely by 
abortion 1-) loc. (sometimes 4- or typically i-loc.); in each loc. 1 
