574 
SANGUISORBA 
Sanguisorba Rupp, ex Linn. = Poterium Linn. S. minor Scop.= 
P. Sanguisorba ; S. officinalis L. = P. officinale. 
Sanicula (Tourn.) Linn. Umbelliferae (3). 12 sp. Eur., As., Afr., 
Am. S. europaea L. (sanicle) in Brit. Firs, in cymose umbels, them- 
selves arranged in dichasia. Fruit hooked for animal-distribution. 
Sansevieria Thunb. Liliaceae (vm). 10 sp. trop. Afr. to E. Ind. 
Xerophytes with fleshy leaves. S . zeylanica Willd. is sometimes used 
in the tropics as a source of fibre (bow-string hemp). 
Santalaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Santalales). 26 gen. with 150 
sp. of semi-parasitic shrubs, trees and herbs, resembling the Loran- 
thaceae in many ways. Some are stem-parasites like mistletoe, 
others root-parasites like Rbinanthus (e.g. Thesium). [See A r at, PJl. 
for details of anatomy &c. of the suckers.] The total infl. may be a 
raceme, spike, head, &c., but often, instead of the single flr. in each 
axil, there is a little cyme of 3, as in Loranthaceae. The firs, are $ 
or unisexual. They have a perigynous or epigynous disc and a simple 
perianth (sepaloid or petaloid). The sta. are equal in number to, 
and inserted on, the perianth-leaves. Ovary inferior, i-loc., with a 
central placenta bearing 1 — 3 ovules. Fruit a nut or drupe. Seed 1, 
with no testa, and with much endosperm. [For details of embryo-sac 
and other interesting features see Hieronymus, in Nat . PJl .] Chief 
genera : Santalum, Thesium. Placed in Achlamydosporeae by Benth.- 
Hooker, who unite Grubbiaceae and Myzodendraceae to S.; in 
Hysterophyta by Warming. 
Santalales. The nth cohort of Archichlamydeae (p. 127). 
Santalum Linn. Santalaceae. 8 sp. E. Ind. Parasitic trees. S. 
album L. furnishes the true sandal-wood (yellow or white). 
Santolina Tourn. ex Linn. Compositae (vn). 8 sp. South-west Eur. 
S. Chamaecyparissus L. is officinal. 
Sanvitalia Gualt. Compositae (v). 8 sp. Am. 
Sapindaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Sapindales). About 120 gen. 
with 1000 sp. trop. and subtrop. 5 gen. (Serjania, Paullinia, &c.) 
with 300 sp. are lianes, the rest erect trees or shrubs. The lianes 
climb by aid of tendrils, which are metamorphosed infl. -axes and are 
usually branched or sometimes watch-spring-like (p. 172); their stems 
often show peculiar internal anatomy. Leaves alt., stip. in the 
climbing sp., usually compound, pinnate; in the climbing sp. there 
is usually a true terminal leaflet, but not in the erect sp. ; in these 
one of the last pair of leaflets often becomes terminal, so that the leaf 
is asymmetric. The tissues of the plants usually contain resinous or 
latex-like secretions in special cells. The infl. is cymose, usually a 
cincinnus, with bracts and bracteoles. 
Fir. unisexual (the sta. are apparently well developed in the % so 
that it is easily mistaken for £ , but the pollen is useless, and the 
anthers do not open) , generally monoecious, regular or often obliquely 
zygomorphic, 5- or 4-merous. K usually 5, rarely (5), imbricate or 
