SCROPHULARIA CEAE 
58i 
shoots ending in tubers like potatoes. The racemose many-flowered 
spikelets are aggregated into a terminal tuft. The flr. is g , and has 
6 perianth-scales in two whorls ; in many sp. it is protogynous ; in all 
it is wind-pollinated. S . lacustris L., sometimes termed the bulrush, 
is used for matting, chair-seats, &c. 
Scitamineae. The 10th cohort (Engler) of Monocotyledons (p. 126). 
An order (Benth.-Hooker) in series Epigynae, including Musaceae, 
Marantaceae, Cannaceae, and Zingiberaceae of Engler. The 6th 
cohort (Warming) of Monocotyledons (p. 138). 
Scleranthaceae or Illecebraceae. See Caryophyllaceae. 
Scleranthus Linn. Caryophyllaceae (11. 6). 10 sp. Eur., As., Afr. ; 
S. annuus L. (knawel) and another in Brit. Firs, apelalous, self- 
fertilising. 
Scleria Berg. Cyperaceae (11). 100 sp. trop. and warm temp. 
Sclerochloa Beauv. Gramineae (x). 1 sp. Eur., As. 
Scolicpus Torr. Liliaceae (vn). 2 sp. West N. Am. 
Scolopendrium Sm. Polypodiaceae. 10 sp. trop. and temp., esp. N. 
Hemisphere. S. vnlgare Sm. (hart’s tongue fern) in Brit. 
Scolymus Tourn. ex Linn. Compositae (xm). 3 sp. Medit. 
Scopolia Jacq. Solanaceae (11). 4 sp. Eur., As. 
Scorpiurus Linn. Leguminosae (ill. 7). 6 sp. Medit. The pod is 
twisted and indehiscent ; often it looks like a caterpillar, and it has 
been suggested that birds are deceived by this and carry it to a distance 
before discovering the mistake. 
Scorzonera (Tourn.) linn. Compositae (xm). 100 sp. N. temp. Old 
World. Like Taraxacum. The roots of S. hispanica L. and others 
are eaten as vegetables. 
Scrophularia Tourn. ex Linn. Scrophulariaceae (11. 6). 115 sp. N. 
temp.; 3 in Brit. ; S. aquatica L. and S. nodosa L., the fig-worts, are 
common. Perennial herbs with opp. leaves, which on the lateral 
twigs are commonly anisophyllous (p. 47). The firs, are in tall infls. 
whose primary branching is racemose ; the lateral shoots are dichasial. 
The flr. has the sta. and style arranged along the lower lip of the corolla, 
instead of the upper, as is usually the case in such firs. Correlated 
with this is the fact that the posterior sta. , usually absent in the order, 
is represented by a staminode, as it is not in the way of insects enter- 
ing the flr. (it is entirely aborted in firs, which have the essential organs 
under the upper lip). The flr. is markedly protogynous, and is largely 
visited by wasps and but rarely by other insects. The peculiar brown 
colour may perhaps be due to the selection of wasps; but there are so 
few wasp-flowers that it is impossible to draw any conclusions upon 
the subject (see Cotoneaster and Epipactis). 
Scrophulariaceae. Dicotyledons (Sympet. Tubiflorae). About 180 
gen. with 2000 sp., cosmop. Most are herbs and undershrubs, a few 
shrubs or trees (e.g. Paulownia), with alt., opp., or whorled exstip. 
leaves. Many exhibit interesting features in the vegetative organs. 
