ST A CKHO USIA CEAE 
593 
L. and S. marilandica L. (Indian pink, or pink-root), have apparent 
whorls of 4 leaves close under the infl.; in reality the internode 
between the two pairs is very short. Infl. a cyme like that of Bora- 
ginaceae. The fruit is a capsule rather like that of Veronica and falls 
away leaving a sort of cupule. The style is jointed. 
Spilanthes Jacq. Compositae (v). 30 sp. Am., 1 cosmop. trop. 
Spinacia (Tourn.) Linn. Chenopodiaceae (4). 2 sp. Orient. S.oleracea 
L. is the common spinach. Annual herbs with cymes of dioecious 
firs., anemophilous. The bracteoles harden and surround the fruit as 
a membranous wing. 
Spinifex Linn. Gramineae (v). 4 sp. Austr., Ceylon to Japan. Dioecious. 
The ? spikelets are 1 -flowered with long spiny bracts, and are massed 
together into a head. This breaks off when the fruits are ripe, and 
blows about (cf. Anastatica), finally sticking in the sand and breaking 
up (Goebel, PJlanzenliol. Sch. 1. p. 135). 
Spiraea Linn. (excl. Ulmaria Tourn.). Rosaceae (1. 1). 40 sp. N. 
temp.; S. Ulmaria L. = Ulmaria palustris. 
Spiranthes Rich. (incl. Sarcogloltis Presl, Stenorhynchus Rich.). 
Orchidaceae (4). 60 sp. N. temp, and trop.; 3 in Brit., incl. S. 
autumnalis Rich, (lady’s tresses). S. Romanzoffiana Cham, et 
Schlecht., a native of N. Am. and Kamtschatka, occurs in meadows 
at Bantry Bay, Ireland, and has caused much discussion among 
geographical botanists. The infl. is twisted, so that the firs, form a 
spiral. For mechanism of fir. see Darwin, Orchids , p. 106. 
Spondias Linn. Anacardiaceae (11). 6 sp. trop. The 1 — 5-seeded 
drupe is edible (hog-plum). 
Sporobolus R. Br. Gramineae (vm). 80 sp. N. Am., Afr., As., 
S. Eur. 
Spraguea Torr. Portulacaceae. 2 sp. West U.S. 
Sprekelia Heist. Amaryllidaceae (1). 1 sp. Mexico, S. formosissima 
Herb., a greenhouse favourite. 
Sprengelia Sm. Epacridaceae. 23 sp. Austr., Tasmania. 
Stachys (Tourn.) Linn. Labiatae (vi. 4). 200 sp. cosmop., exc. 
Austr., N. Z. ; 5 in Brit., incl. S. Betonica Benth. (wound-wort), 
S. palustris L. (marsh betony), &c. The tubers of S. Sieboldi Miq. 
are largely consumed in France &c. under the name of ‘crosnes. ’ 
Stachytarpheta Vahl. Verbenaceae (11). 45 sp. trop. and subtrop. 
(all but one Am.). The leaves of S. dichotovia Vahl ( S . jamaicensis 
Gardn.) are sometimes used as tea. 
Stachyuraceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Parietales). Only genus 
Stachyurus. See Nat. Pfl. 
Stachyurus Sieb. et Zucc. Stachyuraceae. 2 sp. Japan, Himal. 
Stackhousia Sm. Stackhousiaceae. 13 sp. Austr., N. Z. 
Stackhousiaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Sapindales). 2 gen. with 
15 sp., Austr., N. Z. Herbs, more or less xerophytic with racemose 
or cymose infis. of $ firs. K (5); C 5, perigynous; disc present; 
