STYRACACEAE 597 
arise. (Compare the artificial propagation of Sinningia.) Other sp. 
show somewhat similar phenomena. 
Streptocaulon Wight et Arn. Asclepiadaceae (1. 1). 7 sp. E. Ind. to 
Philippine Is. 
Streptochaeta Schrad. Gramineae (vi). 1 sp. Brazil. The awns lever 
out the fruits in a peculiar way (see F. Muller in Kosmos , 1885). 
Streptopus Michx. Liliaceae (vn). 4 sp. N. temp. 
Streptosolen Miers. Solanaceae (v). 1 sp. trop. S. Am. 
Strobilanthes Blume ( Goldfussia Nees). Acanthaceae (iv. A). 180 sp. 
trop. As., Madag. Some, e.g. S. anisophyllus T. Anders., show marked 
anisophylly (p. 47). The stigma is sensitive to contact (cf. Mimulus); 
when touched it moves downwards, and becomes pressed against the 
lower lip of the fir. 
C'tromantlie Sond. Marantaceae. 5 sp. trop. Am. 
&trophanthus DC. Apocynaceae (11. 5). 28 sp. Cape Col. to China. 
The free parts of the petals are long and threadlike ; the two follicles 
often stand in a straight line when ripe. The seeds of S. hispidns DC. 
(S. Afr.) furnish the drug strophanthin. 
Struthiola Linn. Thymelaeaceae. 24 sp. Cape Col. and trop. Afr. 
Strychnos Linn. Loganiaceae. 65 sp. trop. Some sp., e.g. S. Nux-vomica 
L., are erect trees, others are climbing shrubs, with curious hook-ten- 
drils. The hook consists of a modified axillary shoot, and it is note- 
worthy that the leaf in whose axil it arises does not as a rule develope 
normally like the one opposite to it on the stem, but becomes a scale 
leaf. If the hook catch upon a support it twines close round it and 
thickens and lignifies (cf. Clematis and see p. 170). Other sp. have 
axillary thorns. A few sp. have a i-loc. ovary with free-central placenta. 
The fruit is a berry; the flesh is harmless, but the seeds are exceed- 
ingly poisonous, owing to the presence of strychnine in the seed-coats. 
From these seeds the alkaloid is chiefly obtained. S. toxifcra Schomb. 
(S. Am.) yields the famous Wourali or curare poison, with which the 
S. Am. Indians poison their arrows ; it is obtained from the bark by 
scraping and maceration in water. 
Sturmia Rchb. = Liparis Rich. 
Stylidieae (Benth. - Hooker) = Candolleaceae. 
Stylidium Sw. = Candollea Labill. 
Stylochiton Lepr. Araceae (vn). 2 sp. Cent. Afr. The monoecious 
infl. remains below the ground, only the tip protruding; the spathe 
opens at the top, and by this opening the pollinating agents enter. 
Stylophorum Nutt. Papaveraceae (11). 1 sp. Atlantic N. Am. 
Stylosanthes Sw. Leguminosae (ill. 7). 25 sp. trop. and subtrop. 
Styphelia Sm. (incl. Cyathodes Labill., excl. Leucopogon R. Br.). Epa- 
cridaceae. 30 sp. Austr., N. Z., New Caled., Sandwich Is. 
Styracaceae. Dicotyledons (Sympet. Ebenales). 6 gen. with 73 sp. 
There are 3 centres of distribution — Brazil to Peru and Mexico, 
Virginia to Texas, Japan to Java. A single sp., Styrax officinalis , 
