SYZYGTUM 
599 
fir. is fertilised chiefly by wasps (cf. Scrophularia). The honey, 
secreted at the base of the style, is protected from rain, and prevented 
from flowing out, by the hairs on the corolla. The anthers are to- 
wards the outer side of the hairy mass. The wasp, being short 
tongued (see p. 92), thrusts its whole head into the flr. and touches 
stigma and sta. ; pollen adheres to it as it withdraws its head sticky 
with honey. 
Symphyandra A. DC. Campanulaceae (1. 1). 7 sp. E. Medit. Like 
Campanula. The pendulous capsule opens at the base (cf. Cam- 
panula). 
Symphytum Tourn. ex Linn. Boraginaceae (iv. 3). 15 sp. Medit., 
Eur. S. officinale L. (comfrey) is common in Brit, and 6 1 . tuberosum 
L., with tubers like those of potato, also occurs. The pendulous flr. 
is bee- visited ; the entrance to the honey is narrowed by the corolla- 
scales, whose margins are prickly. Mechanism of flr. as in Borago. 
Some sp. of S. are grown as fodder plants, eg. S. asperrimum Donn. 
Symplocaceae. Dicotyledons (Sympet. Ebenales). Only genus Sym- 
plocos (q.v.). The genus is placed in Styracaceae by Benth. -Hooker 
&c. The chief distinction is the inferior ovary of Symplocos and its 
complete division into loculi; the shape of the anthers is also different, 
and the sta. are often more numerous. 
Symplocarpus Salisb. Araceae (ill). 1 sp., S. foetidus Nutt., the 
skunk-cabbage, Japan, E. As., Atlantic N. Am. 
Symplocos Jacq. The only genus of Symplocaceae (q.v.). 150 sp. 
trop. and subtrop. Shrubs and trees with alt. simple exstip. leathery 
leaves, and racemed bracteolate $ regular firs. K (5), imbricate; 
C (5) or (5 + 5), imbricate; A 5 or 5 + 5 or 5 + 5 + 5 or more, epi- 
petalous or free of corolla; anthers round or ovate; G (2 — 5), inferior 
or semi-inferior, with 2 — 4 anatropous pendulous ovules on an axile 
placenta in each loc. Style simple, stigma capitate or lobed. Fruit 
drupaceous, one seed in each loc. of the stone. Embryo straight or 
curved, in endosperm. 
Synanthae. The 5th cohort of Monocotyledons (p. 125). 
Synechanthus H. Wendl. Palmae (iv. 6). 3 sp. trop. Am. 
Synedrella Gaertn. Compositae (v). 2 sp. trop. Am. 
Syngonium Schott. Araceae (vi). 10 sp. W. Ind., Brazil. Climbers 
with cymes of monoecious spadices. Synandrous. 
Syringa Linn. Oleaceae (1. 2). 10 sp. Eur., As. S. vulgaris L. is 
the common lilac, largely cultivated in Brit, (not native). It has 
well-marked false dichotomy ; the terminal bud usually fails to develope 
each spring and the two nearest lateral buds continue the growth. 
The winter buds are scaly, and the scales secrete a gummy substance 
as the bud elongates. The firs, are in panicles, each branch with a 
terminal flr. The seeds are flat and slightly winged. 
Syringa Tourn. ex Adans. = Philadelphus Riv. 
Syzygium Gaertn. = Eugenia Mich. 
