6 o 3 
TORRE YA 
Torreya Am. Coniferae (Taxaceae 4 ; see C. for genus characters). 
4 sp. N. Am., China, Japan. Like Taxus. The timber is useful. 
Tounatea Aubl. =Swartzia Schreb. 
Tournefortia Linn. Boraginaceae (ill). 120 sp. trop. Trees and 
shrubs. 
Tovaria Ruiz et Pav. Tovariaceae. 1 sp. W. Ind., S. Am. 
Tovariaceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Rhoeadales). Only genus 
Tovaria. United to Capparidaceae by Benth. -Hooker. See Nat. 
pfi • 
Tovomita Aubl. Guttiferae (v). 30 sp. trop. Am. 
Townsendia Hook. Compositae (ill). 17 sp. Rocky Mts. 
Toxicodendrum Thunb. Euphorbiaceae (A 1. 1). 1 sp. Cape Colony. 
The fruit is used for poisoning hyaenas. 
Toxicophlaea Harv. = Acokanthera G. Don. 
Tozzia Linn. Scrophulariaceae (in. 12). 1 sp. Alps, 1 Carpathians 
(p. 149). Semi-parasites, with loose-pollen firs, (see order). 
Trachelium Tourn. ex Linn. Campanulaceae (1. 1). 7 sp. Medit. 
Trachelospermum Lem. Apocynaceae (11. 4). 6 sp. E. As. 
Trachylobium Hayne. Leguminosae (11. 3). 3 sp. trop. As., E. Afr. 
These trees yield copal, which is dug up from the soil near their roots 
or in a half-fossilised condition from places where trees formerly 
existed. 
Trachymene Rudge. Umbelliferae (1). 14 sp. Austr. to Borneo. 
Tradescantia Rupp, ex Linn. Commelinaceae. 30 sp. trop. and N. Am. 
T. virginiana L. (spider- wort) and others are garden favourites. There 
are 6 perfect sta. covered with hairs. Fir. protandrous. 
Tragia Plum, ex Linn. Euphorbiaceae (A. 11. 2). 50 sp. trop. 
Tragoceros H. B. et K. Compositae (v). 4 sp. Mexico. The corolla 
of the ? fir. becomes rigid after fertilisation has occurred, and forms a 
double hook upon the fruit. 
Tragopogon (Tourn.) Linn. Compositae (13). 35 sp. Old World, N. 
temp. ( T. pratensis L., the goat’s beard, in Brit.). The flower-heads 
of the Brit. sp. close up at midday, whence its common name of 
* John-go-to-bed-at-noon.’ T. po 7 'rifolius L. is the salsify, sometimes 
grown as a vegetable. 
Trapa Linn. Hydrocaryaceae. 3 sp. Old World (horn-nut), incl. T. 
7 iatans L. and T. bispmosa Roxb. Water plants with submerged and 
floating leaves of different form (p. 160). Fir. £, 4-merous, peri- 
gynous, with a disc, above the sta. Ovary 2-loc., with one anatropous 
pendulous ovule in each loc. ; raphe ventral. Seed large, exalbu- 
minous, in a horned nut. The seeds are used as food in China, &c. 
For their remarkable germination see Goebel’s or Schenk’s works, 
quoted on p. 158. 
Tremandra R. Br. Tremandraceae. 2 sp. Austr. 
Tremandraceae. Dicotyledons (Archichl. Geraniales). 2 gen. with 26 
sp. Austr. (p. 195). Herbs with whorled, alt. or opp., exstip. leaves. 
