58 
SCENERY OF SWITZERLAND. 
from the summit right down to the lake, but, as 
shown in Fig. 84, they slope from the Kulm to the 
Scheidegg. Those on the summit of the Kulm do 
not therefore correspond to those on the summit of 
the Scheidegg, but so to say to those 500 feet below. 
It is obvious tliat the Scheidegg layers were once con- 
tinued over the Kulm. Even therefore if we assume 
that they represent the real uppermost layers (and it 
is certain that there must have been others which 
have been removed), we must add say 500 feet, to 
the present height of the Kulm. This being 4500 feet 
above the level of the lake, by adding these 500, we 
get a thickness of no less than 5000 feet of gravel! 
5. Gravel cannot be deposited on the top of a 
mountain. It must be formed by running water, 
either on a coast or in rivers — in the present case 
by rivers — and must therefore have been deposited 
at a relatively low level. As the rivers originally ran 
from the mountains to the S.E., the slope of the 
gravel must have been towards the N.W., whereas it 
is now towards the S.E., so that the gravel beds 
must have been tilted so as to dip in a direction 
the reverse of their original slope. That they do so 
slope we see clearly both from the lake and as we 
ascend. If, moreover, we examine the cliffs over- 
looking the plain we shall find that, as shown in the 
