THE OUTER- ALPS. 69 
undergone if the “Klippen” had been forced up 
through them. 
The second suggestion, namely, that they were 
Islands in the Eocene and Cretaceous seas, is also 
untenable. The Eocene and Cretaceous strata sur- 
rounding the “Klippen” were evidently deposited at 
u distance from land. They do not contain the 
remains of a littoral fauna; and if the “Klippen” 
had stood up in the form of lofty islands, many 
pebbles from them must have been deposited in the 
surrounding waters. 
Nor do the Klippen appear to be the mere 
remnants of an overlying fold. It would be some- 
what difficult to condense the strong geological 
evidence brought forward by Quereau against this 
theory. I may however mention one reason, namely 
that the rocks of the “Klippen” present a very dif- 
ferent facies from those of the same age in the im- 
mediate neighbourhood; for instance, the Neocomian 
of the Roggenstock differs greatly from the Neocomian 
of the surrounding district. The basis of the “Klip- 
pen,” moreover, where they rest upon the Eocene, 
is a breccia, indicating that the 'upper strata have 
been forced bodily over the lower. 
We find ourselves then driven to the conclusion 
