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SCENERY OF SWITZERLAND. 
CHAPTER XXV. 
GENERAL SUMMARY. 
In the preceding chapters I have endeavoured to 
trace the causes which have led to the present 
scenery of Switzerland. 
In Carboniferous times there were probably moun- 
tains where the Alps now rise, but this ancient range 
was gradually removed by denudation; moreover the 
land sank, and during the Permian, Liassic, Jurassic, 
and Cretaceous periods there was deep sea where 
the Alps now rise. There were certainly great 
changes of level, but they were all continental, and 
that is to say they were approximately the same for 
the whole area, there was no compression and no 
folding. 
That the sea during this period must have covered 
the site of the present Alps is proved (i) by the fact 
that we find no trace of its southern shores, no 
littoral deposits. If the Alps had then existed, 
pebbles, etc., from them must have been found in 
the Liassic, Jurassic, and the Cretaceous rocks. This 
