CONTENTS OF VOLUME I. 
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Page 
bution of. — Erratic blocks.. — Polished and striated sur- 
faces. — Scratched pebbles. — Upper limit of ancient 
glaciers. — Flora and fauna. — Evidence of milder inter- 
glacial periods. — Limits of the ancient glaciers. — Pro- 
bable temperature of the Ice age. — Table of glacial de- 
posits 1 3 ° 
CHAPTER VI. 
VALLEYS. 
Valleys not all due to rivers. — Geotectonic valleys. — Val- 
leys of subsidence. — Plain of Lombardy. — Valley of 
the Rhine near Basle.— Classes of valleys. — Longi- 
tudinal valleys. — Synclinal valleys.— Anticlinal valleys. 
— Combes. — Transverse valleys. — The river system 
of Switzerland. — Two main directions. — Cirques. — 
Weather terraces. — Age of the Swiss valleys . . . 167 
CHAPTER VII. 
ACTION OF RIVERS. 
Three stages in river action: deepening and widening; 
widening and levelling; deposition. — River gorges. — 
River cones. — Cones in the Valais. — Cone of the 
Borgue. — Cones and villages. — Slope of a river. — 
River terraces. — Valley of the Ticino.— The Rhine.— 
Val Camadra.— Effects of Hoods.— Giants’ caldrons . 188 
CHAPTER VIII. 
DIRECTIONS OF RIVERS. 
Lake district.— Plateau of Lannemazan.— Main directions 
of Swiss rivers. — The rivers of the Swiss Lowlands.— 
Rivers and mountains.— The Rhone and its tributaries. 
— Changes in river courses. — The tributaries of the 
