3& 
SCENERY OF SWITZERLAND. 
Jurassic. 
The principal Jurassic strata in Switzerland are 
the Lias, the Dogger, and the Malm. They attain 
together a thickness of over 2500 feet. During this 
period Ammonites and Belemnites reached their 
fullest development, as also did the great Sea-reptiles, 
the Icthyosaurus and Plesiosaurus. At this period 
also flourished the flying reptiles or Pterodactyles, 
and we also meet the first bird (Archaeopteryx), 
which differed from all existing species, by the pos- 
session of a long tail, and in other ways. 
Lias. 
During this period the whole of Switzerland ap- 
pears to have been covered by the sea. There must 
however have been land not very far off, as remains 
of Beetles, Cockroaches, Grasshoppers, Termites, 
Dragon-flies, Bugs, and other Insects occur in the 
Lias of Schambelen, near the junction of the Reuss, 
the Aar, and the Limmat, and elsewhere. No Bees, 
Butterflies, or Moths have been met with. 
It is probable that the Black Forest and the 
Vosges were dry land. The fossils, however, on the 
whole, indicate a deep sea. The Lias is grey or 
blackish, calcareous, sandy, or argillaceous stratum. 
The dark color is probably owing to the amount of 
