INFLUENCE OF STRATA UPON SCENERY. 
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aspect of ruin and desolation, forming often a strong 
contrast with the brilliant vegetation below. 
In calcareous districts the surface is sometimes 
quite bare and intersected by furrows attaining a 
depth of several, sometimes even as much as 30 feet. 
Such districts are known as “Lapiees” or “Karren”. 
A good illustration is to be seen above the hotel 
at Axenstein on the Lake of Lucerne, where a portion 
of the rock has been uncovered. Another is at the 
Kurhaus on the Brunig. Rollier refers to a great 
erratic on the Lapie of Bonjean near Bienne, which 
has protected the rock below it, so that it rests on 
a flat surface in the middle of the Lapie. The 
Hohle Stein near Donanne is another case of the 
same kind. The Lapiees or Karren are extremely 
barren, but the rock generally contains some small 
percentage of clay, which is washed into the hollows 
and supports some scanty vegetation. 
The Flysch gives gentle uniform slopes. The 
Nagelflue, in the familiar case of the Rigi, is an il- 
lustration of the desk-like form, with a steep escarp- 
ment towards the Bay of Ktissnach and a gentle 
slope following the inclination of the beds from the 
Rigi Kulm to the Scheidegg. In other cases the 
Nagelflue gives a very complicated relief, sometimes 
forming mountain knots from which valleys radiate 
